主管：中华人民共和国司法部
主办：司法鉴定科学研究院
ISSN 1671-2072  CN 31-1863/N
中国司法鉴定

中国司法鉴定 ›› 2026 ›› Issue (4): 1-12.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2026.04.001

• 特　稿 •    下一篇

大规模平行测序时代我国法医DNA数据库技术发展方向

刘志勇1，2，刘    超3，4   

  1. 1. 中山大学 中山医学院 法医学系； 2. 广东省法医学转化医学工程技术研究中心； 3. 暨南大学 生物活性分子与成药性优化全国重点实验室； 4. 广东省公安厅
  • 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-28

Development Directions of Forensic DNA Database Technology in China in the Era of Massively Parallel Sequencing

LIU Zhiyong1,2, LIU Chao3,4   

  1. 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University; 2. Guangdong Provincial Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center; 3. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; 4. Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department
  • Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-07-28

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摘要： 基于毛细管电泳（capillary electrophoresis，CE）技术构建的法医DNA数据库是现代法庭科学的重要基础，在公共安全与社会治理方面具有不可或缺的作用。随着应用需求的不断增长，CE-DNA数据库的局限性日益凸显，大规模平行测序（massively parallel sequencing，MPS）技术为DNA数据库的迭代提供了契机。本文简要回顾了CE时代我国DNA数据库建设历程，探讨了MPS技术在DNA数据库探索性建设中获得的有益经验，重点论述我国未来基于MPS技术升级DNA数据库的重点关注方向，包括实现CE/MPS-STR等位基因长度分型兼容、筛选更多新的核心STR基因座、建立MPS-STR分型检测质控体系、深化DNA数据库复杂亲缘检索、加强Y-STR父系亲缘检索、推进法医线粒体DNA数据库建设等。建设MPS-DNA数据库，不仅是技术手段的迭代，更是对数据库结构、数据比对与质量控制等的多维重构与完善，以期更好地服务于我国法庭科学实践，并为国际上基于MPS的法医DNA数据库建设贡献经验。

关键词:  , 法医遗传学；毛细管电泳测序；大规模平行测序；DNA数据库

Abstract: The forensic DNA database constructed based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) technology is an important foundation of modern forensic science and plays an irreplaceable role in public security and social governance in China. With the growing application needs, the limitations of CE-based DNA databases have become increasingly evident, while massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technology provides an opportunity for DNA database iteration. This paper briefly reviews the history of DNA database construction in China during the CE era, explores the valuable experience gained from attempts to apply MPS technology in DNA database exploratory construction, and focuses on key directions for future MPS-based DNA database  upgrading in China. These include achieving compatibility of CE/MPS-STR allele length typing, screening for more new core STR loci, establishing quality control systems for MPS-STR typing detection, deepening complex kinship searches in DNA databases, strengthening Y-STR paternal kinship searches, and advancing the construction of forensic mitochondrial DNA databases. The establishment of an MPS-based DNA database is not merely a technical iteration but also a multidimensional reconstruction and improvement of database structure, data comparison, and quality control. It is expected that these findings will better serve forensic practice in China and contribute Chinese experience to the international construction of forensic DNA databases based on MPS.

Key words: forensic genetics, capillary electrophoresis sequencing, massively parallel sequencing (MPS), DNA database