关键词: 非法开采矿山, 环境损害鉴定评估, 环境公益诉讼, 生态环境损害赔偿

Abstract: In recent years，illegal mining has repeatedly occurred in some regions，causing serious damages to national resources and ecosystems. To pursue the environmental restoration and compensation liabilities of those who illegally mine，environmental public interest litigation or ecological environment damage compensation cases often need to rely on environmental damage identification and assessment for confirmation at the technical level. Through a systematic review of the current situation of ecological and environmental damage appraisal and assessment in illegal mining cases，it is found that there are problems such as inconsistent appraisal and assessment methods and significant differences in results. Taking three representative cases of ecological and environmental damage appraisal and assessment as examples，the main differences lie in the definition of basic restoration，the method of determining intermediate damage，and the calculation of ecological and environmental damage costs. It is suggested to further improve environmental damage appraisal，to enhance the credibility of appraisal and assessment results，and to ensure uniform standards in handling cases，so as to  maintain forensic fairness from three aspects：unifying forensic appraisal standards，improving supervision and management，and strengthening capacity building.

Key words: illegal mining, environmental damage appraisal and assessment；environmental public interest litigation；compensation for ecological and environmental damage