关键词: 法医学因果关系, 专门性问题, 人体损伤程度鉴定, 人体残疾等级鉴定, 死因分析

Abstract: Forensic clinical and forensic pathological identifications focus on analyzing and assessing damages to an individual’s life, health and functions resulting from external injurious factors. Among them, the causal relationship between damages and their consequences in forensic clinical and forensic pathological appraisals often gives rise to disputes due to the empirical and subjective nature of the judgment criteria and analytical methods involved. The main purpose of forensic appraisal is to assist in resolving specialized issues at the factual level and in providing technical support for the determination of legal causation and the assessment of legal liability in judicial trials. In the assessment of human injury severity, analyzing the relationship between injury and illness and conducting downgrade evaluations when necessary are rights and responsibilities entrusted to the assessors by the assessment standards. In the assessment of human disability levels, objectively explaining the extent to which the injury contributes to the disability outcome is a fundamental requirement for the assessors as stipulated by the law and the assessment standards. In cases involving death, it is also necessary to clearly explain the causal relationship between bodily injuries and the resulting death in accordance with judicial requirements.Accordingly, further refinement of techniques and standards for causal-relationship appraisal is required to achieve their consistent implementation in relevant appraisals and improve the uniformity of forensic opinions.

Key words: forensic medical causation, specialized issue, assessment of human injury severity, assessment of human disability level, analysis of cause of death