主管:中华人民共和国司法部
主办:司法鉴定科学研究院
ISSN 1671-2072  CN 31-1863/N

中国司法鉴定 ›› 2021 ›› Issue (5): 20-31.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.05.003

• 专题研讨:司法鉴定公信力建设 • 上一篇    下一篇

司法鉴定公信力视角下的当事人自行委托鉴定的证据效力

史长青   

  1. 上海大学 法学院,上海 200444
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-28 出版日期:2021-09-30 发布日期:2021-10-21
  • 作者简介:史长青(1971—),女,教授,博士,硕士研究生导师,主要从事民事诉讼法和证据制度研究。E-mail:shchq1127@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目(19BFX111)。

Evidence Effect of the Party’s Self-Entrusted Appraisal from the Perspective of the Credibility of Forensic Appraisal

SHI Changqing   

  1. Law School, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
  • Received:2021-08-28 Published:2021-09-30 Online:2021-10-21

摘要: 当事人自行委托鉴定的证据效力判断,是与司法鉴定公信力息息相关的现实问题。当事人自行委托鉴定作为当事人获取证据的重要手段,其证据资格已经获得法律承认,但证明力的审查判断却长期处于模糊状态。究其原因,主要是性质定位不明确,长期存在鉴定意见、证人证言、书证和当事人陈述等学说之争。鉴于我国主要采纳严格证明制度,若某证据材料被排除在法定证据种类之外,将无法为其明确证据审查判断规则。因此,有必要将当事人自行委托鉴定归入与其最相类似的法定证据种类,即书证之中。但区别于普通书证,私鉴定意见证据效力的审查重点是其实质证明力,并且审查判断应区分四个阶段:举证、实质证明力的初步认定、质证以及实质证明力的最终认定。此外,当事人自行委托鉴定与其他证据相比,通常法院委托鉴定、行政委托鉴定的证明力较大,当事人单方委托鉴定较共同委托鉴定的证明力要小,但仍应在具体案件中具体分析。

关键词: 司法鉴定公信力, 当事人自行委托鉴定, 证据效力

Abstract:

It is a practical problem closely related to the credibility of forensic appraisal to judge the validity of appraisal entrusted by parties themselves. As an important means for parties to obtain evidence, the qualification of appraisal entrusted by parties as evidence has been recognized by law, but the rule of reviewing its weight of proof has been in a vague state for a long time. The main reason is that the nature is not clear, and there are long-standing theoretical disputes regarding the nature of forensic appraisal, such as expert opinion, witness testimony, documentary evidence and parties' statement. In view of the strict proof system mainly adopted in China, if a certain evidence material is excluded from the statutory evidence category, it will not be able to clarify the rule of evidence review and judgment. Therefore, it is necessary to classify the appraisal entrusted by the parties into the most similar legal evidence category, namely documentary evidence. However, different from ordinary documentary evidence, the review of evidence validity of private appraisal opinion focuses on its weight of proof, and the review process should be divided into four stages: evidence presentation, preliminary confirmation of weight of proof, cross-examination, and final confirmation of weight of proof. In addition, compared with other evidence, appraisal entrusted by court or by administration is generally of greater probative force than that entrusted by parties themselves, while the appraisal entrusted by the parties unilaterally is weaker than that entrusted by the parties jointly, but it should still be analyzed in specific cases. 

Key words: credibility of forensic appraisal, party’s self-entrusted appraisal, the evidentiary effect

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