Abstract: As the classical statement of our judicial mode, the principle of “taking the law as criterion and the fact as ground” shows the importance of ascertaining facts by courts. Forensic appraisal, which is used by judges in finding facts, plays an important role in judicial practice. However, because of the excessive dependence on expert oppinions, there appeares the problem of “replacing trial with forensic appraisal”, which dissimilates the function of forensic appraisal and judicial process. Based on the analysis of the defects of the above problem, this article puts forward a pertinent path of reform.

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摘要： 司法鉴定作为审判查明事实的重要手段，在司法实践中扮演着重要的角色。鉴定意见在诉讼中与其他证据一样不具有预先的证明效力。然而，因其倚重于鉴定人的“专家”身份及其携带着超越常人智能的科技因素或者专门知识，在司法实践中却发生着异乎寻常的作用。缘于对司法鉴定意见的过于“迷信”，司法实践中出现了诸多以鉴定意见代替审判过程的现象，从而在很大程度上扭曲了司法鉴定原有的功能和定位，异化了司法审判自身的特质。通过对司法鉴定运行过程中存在“以鉴代审”现象的反思为出发点，并在分析司法鉴定实践中存在主要问题的基础上，探讨司法查明事实的边际与方法问题，从而尝试性地提出应对“以鉴代审”的改革路径。

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