Abstract:

This paper introduced the apparent features and identification methods of 14 categories of grass and bast fibers， which are commonly used in Chinese papermaking industry since ancient times. The appeared time and historical development of these fibers were also discussed， as well as the evolution of techniques and fiber composition. These are all the basic data for the identification of paper age in painting examination and questioned document examination. If the historical characteristics of fibers are consistent with the category features of chemical substances in paper， the identification of paper age will be reliable. 

Key words:

paper age, grass fiber, bast fiber

摘要： 介绍中国造纸术中大量使用的14种禾草类纤维和韧皮类纤维纸张的表观特征和纤维识别方法，并对这14种纤维在造纸术中的最早出现年代和历史性发展提供了部分史实论述。在各类纤维的史实论述中还包含了部分造纸纤维的工艺改良过程及纤维配方的组成变化情况。目的是为书画鉴定和文件检验中的“纸龄”判断提供基础数据。提供的禾草类纤维和韧皮类纤维的史实特征如果与纸张的造纸工艺特征及纸张中各种化学品的品类特征相互佐证，将为“纸龄”鉴定提供可靠的科学依据。

关键词: 纸龄, 禾草类纤维, 韧皮类纤维