Abstract: Objective Identification of the sequence between stamps and strokes is one of the key issues in the field of document inspection, and it is affected by many factors, e.g. the combination of pigments, etc. This paper focused on the influence of time factors on the identification results after the crossing between stamps and handwriting dicuments, using microscopy methods. Theoretical support was provided for identification of the sequence between stamps and strokes in this paper. Methods The microscopy was employed to conduct twice inspection on the same crossing position of the different combination of the photosensitive stamps and handwriting document, the atomic stamps and handwriting document, as well as the inkpad stamps and handwriting document, and each was lasted for 30 months. Then each changes between the former and later pictures were investigated. Results Different combinations of the sequences were formed, among the photosensitive stamps, atomic stamps, inkpad stamps, handwriting with black pen, handwriting with blue ballpoint pen, handwriting with blue black pen, and handwriting on backing carbon paper. There were no obvious changes for the twice pictures of all the combinations of the sequences above, except that the color of the handwriting with the blue black pen was darker and few parts of the inkpad stamps were fallen off. However, obvious changes appeared on the combinations of the sequences between the photosensitive stamps and the handwriting on carbonless copy paper, the atomic stamps and the handwriting on carbonless copy paper, as well as the inkpad stamps and the handwriting on carbonless copy paper. The handwritings on carbonless copy paper became lighter or even disappeared. Conclusion Different combinations of the sequences were formed, among the photosensitive stamps, atomic stamps, inkpad stamps, handwriting with black pen, handwriting with blue ballpoint pen, handwriting with blue black pen, handwriting on backing carbon paper, and handwriting on carbonless copy paper. There were no obvious changes for all the combinations of the sequences, except for the combination between inkpad stamps and the handwriting on carbonless copy paper. There were obvious changes between the former and later tests for the different kinds of combination of carbonless copy paper and inkpad oil. Furthermore, for the second test, the identifications also could not be performed due to the lighter or even disappeared handwriting on the carbonless copy paper. The influences for identification of the sequence between stamps and handwritings were great.

Key words: microscopy, time effects, handwriting, sequence between stamps and strokes

摘要：  目的 朱墨时序鉴别是文件检验领域的难题之一，其判定受色料组合等多种因素影响。本文旨在研究书写字迹与印文形成交叉后，时间因素对显微法检验结果存在的影响，为朱墨时序鉴别提供理论支撑。方法 对光敏印文、原子印文、印泥印文与书写字迹形成不同组合的朱墨时序上的同一个交叉部位进行两次显微检验，前后间隔30个月，研究前后两次检验图片间的变化。结果 光敏印文、原子印文、印泥印文与黑色签字笔、蓝色圆珠笔、蓝黑钢笔、衬垫式复写纸书写字迹形成不同组合的朱墨时序，除蓝黑钢笔书写字迹的颜色加深、变黑以及印泥印文常伴有极少部分脱落外，两次检验图片无较明显变化；光敏印文、原子印文、印泥印文与无碳复写纸书写字迹形成不同组合的朱墨时序，两次检验图片发生较大变化，无碳复写字迹变淡或消失。结论 光敏印文、原子印文、印泥印文与黑色签字笔、蓝色圆珠笔、蓝黑钢笔、衬垫式复写纸、无碳复写纸书写字迹形成不同组合的朱墨时序样本中，除无碳复写字迹与印泥油形成不同组合的朱墨时序有显著变化外，其他组合均无明显变化，对朱墨时序判定影响较小；无碳复写字迹与印泥油形成不同组合的朱墨时序前后两次检验变化显著，在无碳复写字迹变淡或消失的第二次检验时更无法判定其先后顺序，对朱墨时序的判定影响较大。

关键词: 显微法, 时间因素, 书写字迹, 朱墨时序