Abstract:

Placental hematoma caused by trauma is rare. Nevertheless, when traumatic placental hematoma coexists with pre-existing disease, the respective participation degree of the trauma and disease is crucial in the determination of fetal death and in the assessment of injury degree of gravida. In the routine forensic clinical work, therefore, it’s important and difficult to comprehensively collect the related materials, to demonstrate and ascertain the relation between injury and disease, and to issue an accurate and objective conclusion timely. Based on the structure and function of the placenta tissue, the present article reviews the common cause of placental hematoma, the relation between injury and hematoma position or period and the determination of participation degree between trauma and placental disease. Moreover, this review highlights the possible mechanism of fetal death and aims to provide a reference for the forensic expertise of fetal death caused by placental hematoma.

Key words: forensic pathology, placental hematoma, fatal death

摘要：

孕妇外伤能引起胎盘血肿，但较为少见，特别是胎盘血肿与疾病共存时，各自对胎儿死亡的参与程度，与损伤程度鉴定有直接的关系。在法医学鉴定中如何全面地收集鉴定资料，如何选择最佳方法进行材料汇总，如何对它们之间的伤病关系进行客观的分析、论证，准确、及时地出具鉴定结论，是法医学鉴定中的难点。本文结合胎盘的结构和功能，综述了常见引起胎盘血肿的原因，血肿部位和时间与损伤的关系，胎盘疾病和损伤的参与度分析，以及胎儿的死亡原因、死亡机理，为胎盘血肿致死胎的法医学鉴定提供参考。

关键词: 法医学, 胎盘血肿, 死胎