Abstract: The issue of scientific evidence admissibility is influenced by the effect of cognition element together with evaluation elements. By analyzing the “Cognition-Evaluation” structures, which is special to scientific evidence, and comparing “Cognition” element with “Evaluation” elements in the admissibility of scientific evidence, one can see that the difficulties of admissibility of scientific evidence rests with the conflict between different way of thinking and evaluation standards cause by differences between scientific cognition and experience cognition, specialist evaluation and judges evaluation, and cognition and evaluation. By analyszing the characteristics of “cognition and evaluation procedure” of scientific evidence admissibility, we can clarify some theoretical questions and provide some thinking for judges.

Key words:  scientific evidence, admissibility, cognition, evaluation

摘要： 科学证据采信的疑难在于认知因素与评价因素的综合影响。通过对科学证据特有的“认知—评价”结构分析和比较科学证据采信中的“认知”因素与“评价”因素，科学证据采信疑难的症结在于，科学认知与经验认知、专家评价与裁判者评价、认知与评价之间的差异所导致的不同思维方法、评价标准之间的张力。对裁判者采信科学证据特有的“认知过程与评价过程”进行分析，澄清理论上的疑惑和为裁判者采信科学证据提供清晰的思路。对科学证据采信的主体要素、标准要素和程序要素进行检讨和反思，构建我国科学证据采信机制。

关键词: 科学证据, 采信, 认知 , 评价