Abstract: Objective Based on categorization study of the characteristics of normal Chinese signature handwriting of individuals at different writing levels, this paper finds out that the characteristics of handwriting appear to have different patterns of stability and variability, singleness and diversity, and concentration and dispersion. Methods Through experimental analysis, categorization and statistical analysis, the paper established a systematic method to analyze the patterns and characteristics of handwriting written by individuals at high, medium and low writing levels, as well as their formation reasons. Results In general, the writing level was proportional to the stability and concentration of handwriting characteristics, and inverserly proportional to its singleness. Conclusion The results revealed that the writing habits of people at different writing levels appears to be different regarding degrees of stability. On the other hand, the writing habits also have an important influence on the analysis and determination of handwriting characteristics. The paper provides reference for correct analysis of handwriting characteristics at different writing levels, as well as reasonable explanations for the conformity and differences. It will help to determine the scientificity and reliability of forensic expert opinions.

Key words: writing level, handwriting characteristic, the rule of handwriting characteristic reflection, determining handwriting characteristic

摘要： 目的 基于对不同书写水平个体正常汉字签名笔迹特征反映特点进行归类研究，发现其笔迹特征反映出稳定与变化、单一与多样和集中与分散的不同规律。方法 通过实验分析、归类比对和统计分析，建构起对高、中、低书写水平个体的笔迹特征呈现规律特点，以及形成原因分析的系统方法。结果 总体而言，书写水平的高低与笔迹特征的稳定程度、集中程度呈正比，与笔迹特征的单一程度呈反比。结论 揭示了不同书写水平人的签名书写习惯不仅具有稳定程度不同的层次差别，而且对分析确定笔迹特征有重要影响。这对正确分析确定不同书写水平笔迹的笔迹特征，合理解释笔迹特征的符合点与差异点，以及判定鉴定意见科学可靠性提供了新的指导。

关键词: 书写水平, 笔迹特征, 笔迹特征反映规律, 确定笔迹特征