Abstract: In the context of diversified expansion of litigation experts,“people with expertise” stipulated in the laws are actually participating in judicial process as appraisers, case-handling auxiliaries, cross-examination consultants and quasi-judicial appraisers. Among them, the traditional criminal expert assistant based on Article 197 of the Criminal Procedure Law is and should be a cross-examination consultant with limited functions. This understanding is not only supported by the doctrine of the law, but also conforms to the trend of China’s judicial system reform, respects the characteristics of the institutional environment, and meets the needs of the construction of differentiated systems. Therefore, the further improvement of the expert assistant system should adhere to its limited paradigm, that is, with the effective exercise of the cross-examination function as the goal, to build its rights protection system from three aspects: the judge’s examination of the cross-examination consultant’s application to appear in court, the clarification of the right to appear in court, and the allocation of out-of-court rights.

Key words:  person with expertise, expert assistant, cross-examination consultant, limited paradigm

摘要： 在诉讼专家多元化扩张的背景下，法条规定之“有专门知识的人”实际正以司法鉴定人、办案辅助人、质证顾问和准司法鉴定人的多种面孔参与到司法程序当中。其中，传统的以《刑事诉讼法》第一百九十七条为基础的刑事专家辅助人是且应是职能限缩的质证顾问，这种认识不仅有法条教义作为支撑，更有顺应我国司法体制改革走向、尊重制度环境特性、符合差异化制度建构需要的合理性基础补充维系。由此，专家辅助人制度的进一步完善也应固守其限缩范式，即以质证职能的有效行使为目的，从法官对质证顾问出庭申请的审查、出庭权利的明确、庭外权利的配置三个方面构建其权利保障体系。

关键词: 有专门知识的人, 专家辅助人, 质证顾问, 限缩范式