Abstract: Objective The identification of dissociated fingerprints has a relatively high error rate. To enhance the accuracy and objectivity of identification opinions, this study investigates the key technical aspects of dissociated fingerprint examination and aims to establish standardized procedures and methods. Methods By analyzing and summarizing the feedback results from fingerprint identification proficiency tests conducted between 2018 and 2024, this study identified the primary causes of errors in dissociated fingerprint identification. Considering the characteristics of dissociated fingerprints and the general steps involved in fingerprint identification, five key technical points were outlined: determining the orientation and location of the fingerprint on the evidence, selecting reference points for the fingerprint, ensuring comprehensive comparison with the sample fingerprint, evaluating the consistency of minutiae features, and assessing the sufficiency of the sample fingerprint. The application of these five technical points was further explored through case studies. Results The findings were incorporated into Section 10.1, “Technical Points for dissociated Fingerprint Examination” of the Technical Specification for Forensic Identification of Visible Fingerprint on Questioned Document （SF/T 0142-2023）, providing detailed guidance on the practical application of the five key technical points. Conclusion The research presented in this paper holds significant theoretical and practical value for the procedural examination of dissociated fingerprints. It offers valuable insights for fingerprint examiners to improve their identification capabilities and ensure the quality of forensic evaluations.

Key words:  dissociated fingerprint, proceduralization, technical essential

摘要： 目的 残缺指印鉴定出错率相对较高，通过研究残缺指印检验技术要点，形成程序化的检验步骤和方法，以提高残缺指印鉴定意见的准确性和客观性。方法 通过对2018—2024年期间指印鉴定能力验证反馈结果的统计和梳理，分析残缺指印鉴定出错的主要原因。结合残缺指印的特点和指印鉴定的一般性步骤，总结判断检材指印朝向和部位、选取检材指印定位点、保障对样本指印的全方位比对、评断细节特征符合性、分析样本指印充分性五个方面的技术要点。又通过案例分析的方式重点研究了以上五个方面技术要点的应用。结果 通过《文件上可见指印鉴定技术规范》（SF/T 0142—2023）中的“10.1  残缺指印检验技术要点”，对以上五个方面技术要点的实践应用展开具体说明。结论 本研究对残缺指印程序化检验具有重要的理论研究意义和实践应用价值，有助于提高鉴定人对残缺指印的鉴定能力，保障鉴定质量。

关键词: 残缺指印, 程序化, 技术要点