Abstract: Judge’s direct cognition refers to the situation in which judges,using applicable law,reach inner convictions without evidence from the parties or when prima facie evidence is presented.Forensic appraisal is an assistant action in which professional experts give opinions on relevant facts or evidence of facts.In practice,the phenomena exist that judges abuse forensic appraisal to avoid applying judge’s direct cognition.So,the functions and the scopes of the judge’s direct cognition and the forensic appraisal should be defined in theory,legislation and judicial practice.One can not substitute for the other, especially the forensic appraisal for the judge’s direct cognition.

Key words: fact-finding, forensic appraisal, method of proof

摘要： 法官直接认知是法官直接对本案适用的法律、相关待证事实无需当事人举证证明或者在当事人举证已经达至证明标准时,直接加以确认形成内心确信的情形。司法鉴定是请求专家对案件事实或者证据事实出具相关意见的一种辅助证明活动。在我国的司法实践中存在着逃避法官直接认知而滥用司法鉴定的不良现象,应当在理论、立法和司法上准确理解法官直接认知和司法鉴定的功能与范围,二者不可简单替代,尤其不能以司法鉴定代替法官直接认知。

关键词: 事实认定, 司法鉴定, 证明方法