主管：中华人民共和国司法部
主办：司法鉴定科学研究院
ISSN 1671-2072  CN 31-1863/N
中国司法鉴定

中国司法鉴定 ›› 2025 ›› Issue (5): 1-11.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.05.001

• 鉴定制度 •    下一篇

虚假鉴定边界与责任配置的审视与探讨

郭    华1，2，肖承海3   

  1. 1. 上海市法医学重点实验室 司法部司法鉴定重点实验室，上海 200063； 2. 中央财经大学 法学院，北京 100081；3. 中国政法大学 刑事司法学院，北京 100088
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-10 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-25
  • 作者简介:郭华（1963—），男，教授，博士，博士研究生导师，主要从事诉讼法学、司法制度研究。E-mail：guohua369@sohu.com
  • 基金资助:
    2023年度上海市法医学重点实验室暨司法部司法鉴定重点实验室开放课题（KF202321）

Examination and Discussion on the Boundary and Responsibility Allocation of Fraud Appraisal

GUO Hua1,2, XIAO Chenghai3   

  1. 1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China; 2. School of Law, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China; 3. School of Criminal Justice, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
  • Received:2024-10-10 Published:2025-09-15 Online:2025-09-25

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摘要： 虚假鉴定属于与实际不符的错误鉴定，与偏差鉴定、部分不真实的鉴定以及不同鉴定意见具有性质上的差异。因法律规范强调虚假鉴定的“故意”要件，需要将虚假鉴定与客观上的错误鉴定相区别，应当确立不同的法律责任。对虚假鉴定和错误鉴定应以鉴定意见是否与事实相符作为标准，但在责任承担上不应简单地以结果论。明确法律意义上虚假鉴定的边界并进行正确的责任配置，对于保障公正司法和维护鉴定行业健康发展具有特别的重要意义。

关键词: 虚假鉴定, 故意虚假, 伪证罪, 虚假诉讼罪, 责任配置

Abstract: Fraud appraisal constitutes a category of erroneous appraisal inconsistent with factual reality, which differs in nature from biased appraisal, partially tampered appraisal, and distinct appraisal opinions. As regulations emphasize the element of “intention” in fraud appraisal, it is necessary to distinguish between fraud appraisal and objectively erroneous appraisal, with corresponding different legal liabilities to be established. Both fraud appraisal and erroneous appraisal should be evaluated based on the consistency between the appraisal opinion and factual evidence, but liability determinations shall not adopt a purely outcome-based approach. Clarifying the legal boundaries of fraud appraisal and establishing appropriate liability allocation are of particular significance for safeguarding judicial justice and maintaining the healthy development of the appraisal industry.

Key words: fraud appraisal, intentional falsehood, perjury, false litigation crime, liability allocation

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