主管：中华人民共和国司法部
主办：司法鉴定科学研究院
ISSN 1671-2072  CN 31-1863/N
中国司法鉴定

中国司法鉴定 ›› 2022 ›› Issue (2): 1-7.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2022.02.001

• 鉴定制度 •    下一篇

虚假鉴定责任追究的实践障碍与政策建议—— 以新《民事证据规定》第三十三条虚假鉴定责任为视角

王桂玥1，张海东2，3   

  1. 1.吉林师范大学 马克思主义学院，吉林 四平136000；  2.中国政法大学 证据科学教育部重点实验室，北京 100192；  3.司法文明协同创新中心，北京 100088
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-21 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 张海东（1969—），男，副教授，主任法医师，主要从事法医学教学、科研及鉴定工作。E-mail：haidongzh@cupl.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王桂玥（1981—），女，讲师，博士，主要从事证据法学和司法鉴定制度研究。E-mail：wgy0228@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    吉林师范大学博士启动项目（2013004）。

Practical Obstacles and Policy Suggestions Regarding Fraud Appraisal Responsibility— From the Perspective of Liability for Fraud Appraisal under Article 33 of the New Provisions on Civil Evidence

WANG Guiyue1， ZHANG Haidong2,3   

  1. 1. School of Economics and Law, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, CUPL, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100192, China; 3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization,

     Beijing 100088, China

  • Received:2021-05-21 Published:2022-03-15 Online:2022-04-25

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摘要：

2020年最高人民法院修正的《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》第三十三条增加了虚假鉴定责任追究制度规定，旨在威慑司法鉴定社会化改革中虚假鉴定频发的现象，以期提高司法鉴定为法庭服务的质量。对鉴定人加强诉讼约束是各国司法实践的必然选择，但立足于我国当前立法，追究虚假鉴定责任面临着一系列实践障碍，例如虚假鉴定的含义不清，法官没有能力评定虚假鉴定，鉴定人因追责潜在风险过大而隐性拒绝鉴定等。我国立法上应进一步明确界定虚假鉴定的含义，吸纳专业人士参与法官评定虚假鉴定的程序，以及严格限制鉴定人被追责的范围和风险。改革鉴定机构设置由社会化私立转化为公益性公立，方能最终破解虚假鉴定之顽症。

关键词:

虚假鉴定, 错误鉴定, 责任追究

Abstract:

The Supreme People’s Court amended Article 33 of Several Provisions on Evidence in Civil Litigation in 2020, which added the system of liability for fraud appraisal, aiming at  deterring frequent occurrence of fraud appraisal in the marketization reforms of judicial appraisal, so as to improve the quality of judicial appraisal for the court. It is an inevitable choice worldwide to strengthen litigation restraint on forensic science. However, the current legislation has a series of obstacles in this regard, such as the unclear meaning of fraud appraisers, the lack of ability by judges to evaluate it, expert witness implicitly refuses to identify because of the potential risk of liability. The legislation should further define the meaning of fraud appraisal, allow professionals to participate in evaluating process of fraud appraisal, and strictly limit the scope and risk of appraisers. Only by reforming the establishment of appraisal institutions from  private to public non-profit institutions can the persistent problem of fraud appraisal be finally solved.

Key words:

fraud appraisal, inaccuracy appraisal, accountability

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