主管：中华人民共和国司法部
主办：司法鉴定科学研究院
ISSN 1671-2072  CN 31-1863/N
中国司法鉴定

中国司法鉴定 ›› 2025 ›› Issue (5): 52-58.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.05.007

• 鉴定科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

交通事故零部件断裂失效分析研究

胡泽林，韩宜伟，潘超华   

  1. 北京中机车辆司法鉴定中心，北京 100070
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-09 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-25
  • 作者简介:胡泽林（1989—），男，工程师，主要从事交通事故深度调查及交通事故司法鉴定研究。E-mail：huzelin@189.cn

Failure Analysis of Fractured Vehicle Components in Traffic Accidents

HU Zelin, HAN Yiwei, PAN Chaohua   

  1. Beijing Zhongji Vehicle Judicial Appraisal Center, Beijing 100070, China
  • Received:2024-10-09 Published:2025-09-15 Online:2025-09-25

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摘要： 目的 为查明交通事故中车辆零部件断裂是事故前还是事故中碰撞所致，需要对车辆零部件进行断裂失效分析。方法 根据委托要求、事故的基本情况和相关案卷档案，对事故的可能原因进行初步分析。先确定采用动态、静态或零部件失效检验的鉴定方案，如果发现零部件失效对事故发生具有影响，应进行零部件失效检验鉴定。再根据断口检验结果，结合其他相关因素进行综合分析，得出检验鉴定意见。结果 通过在交通事故鉴定实例中的应用，经过对失效零部件断口表面宏观形貌、微观形貌、金相组织和化学成分的检验分析，验证了交通事故零部件断裂失效分析方法的有效性。结论 该方法可以帮助确定事故原因，对今后类似交通事故零部件断裂失效调查分析具有一定的借鉴价值。

关键词: 交通事故, 零部件失效鉴定, 断口形貌, 断口分析

Abstract: Objective Fracture failure analysis of vehicle components was conducted to determine whether their fracture occurred prior to or as a result of the traffic accident. Methods A preliminary analysis of potential accident causes was carried out based on the client’s requirements, accident details, and relevant case files. An appropriate appraisal strategy, including dynamic, static, or component failure inspection, was then determined. Where component failure was identified as a contributing factor to the accident, dedicated failure analysis was carried out. Fractographic examination results were subsequently integrated with other relevant factors for comprehensive evaluation to form expert conclusions. Results The proposed methodology was applied in actual traffic accident cases. Through macroscopic and microscopic examination of fracture surface morphology, metallographic structure, and chemical composition of the failed components, the effectiveness of the analytical approach was validated. Conclusion This method enables accurate identification of accident causes, and offers a valuable reference for the investigation of similar component fracture failures in future traffic accident cases.

Key words: traffic accident, component failure analysis, fracture morphology, fracture analysis

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