关键词: 汽车火灾, 油品泄漏, 火灾调查, 起火原因鉴定, 火灾特性

Abstract: In vehicle fire incidents, oil leakage is a common cause of fire. Accurately determining the ignition mechanisms of such fires is crucial for investigating and identifying the cause of fire. Based on a real vehicle fire case, this study confirmed that engine oil leakage was the cause of fire by analyzing video recordings of the combustion process, examining combustion traces on the vehicle, integrating the results of trace evidence identification, and validating the findings through simulation experiments. During the research process, the distribution patterns of engine oil after leakage, temperature field distribution, ignition conditions, and flame propagation paths within the engine compartment were systematically investigated, revealing the characteristic development mode of such fires. The results showed that when leaked engine oil came into contact with a high-temperature exhaust pipe, it formed a characteristic oil film and rapidly vaporized. Upon meeting the ignition conditions, a typical deflagration phenomenon occurred, followed by rapid spread along the paths of combustible materials. These characteristics, manifested as unique fire traces and combustion trajectories, can serve as important criteria for determining the cause of vehicle fires. The findings provide scientific theoretical support and practical technical references for the investigation and identification of vehicle fires caused by oil leakage.

Key words: vehicle fire, oil leakage, fire investigation, cause of fire identification, fire characteristics