Abstract: Objective To obtain the characteristics of death caused by traffic accidents in Nansha district of Guangzhou from 2019 to 2020, thus providing reference for preventing traffic accidents. Methods Total 182 death cases caused by traffic accidents in Nansha district of Guangzhou in 2019—2020 were collected. The data such as age, sex, time of the accident, type of vehicle, the result of ethanol test, injury, cause of death, was analyzed. Results These traffic accidents mainly happened during 9:00 pm to 4:00 am. The positive ratio in ethanol test was 55.1% in car drivers, and 48.7% in motorcycle drivers. Among all the death, 74.2% were instantaneous (died on the same day or the same spot), and men were much more than women. The deceased mainly aged from 21 to 60, and those with positive ethanol test mainly aged from 21 to 40. In addition, 78.6% of the instantaneous death had craniocerebral injury, 70.9% had skull fracture, and 73.6% finally died of craniocerebral injury. Most of the deceased drove motorcycle as traffic tool. Conclusion The incidence of motorcycle accidents and corresponding casualties ranked first in the traffic accidents occurred in this district. The most dangerous way of riding monocycle that might cause fatal traffic accidents were drunk driving (especially at night) or driving without helmets. With current monitoring and punishment means, the death could be further reduced if local propaganda is enhanced to improve the traffic safety awareness of people.

Key words: forensic pathology, traffic accident, death, motorcycle, craniocerebral injury, alcohol, helmet

摘要： 目的 分析广州市南沙区2019—2020年道路交通死亡事故特点，为有效预防发生交通事故提供依据。方法 收集2019—2020年广州市南沙区交通事故死亡案例，按照性别、年龄、案发时间、交通行为方式、乙醇检测结果、损伤部位及死亡原因等项目分类后进行统计分析。结果 182例交通死亡事故案例多发于21:00—次日4:00时间段，该时间段血液中检出乙醇的驾驶员中符合醉酒后驾车的占55.1%、醉酒后驾驶摩托车的占48.7%。死亡总人数中于当日/当场死亡的占74.2%，男性明显多于女性，且以21～60岁年龄段最为多见，血液中检出乙醇者以21～40岁年龄段最为多见，78.6%存在颅脑损伤，70.9%存在颅骨骨折，73.6%死于颅脑损伤，以上均以摩托车交通方式为主。结论 该地区交通事故中摩托车事故发生率、伤亡率居首位，醉酒后驾驶摩托车（尤其是夜间）以及不佩戴头盔等为摩托车交通事故死亡的重要原因，在现有的查处力度基础上，结合当地情况因地制宜进行交通意识安全宣传等方式，一定程度上可降低交通事故死亡人数。

关键词: 法医病理学, 交通事故, 死亡, 摩托车, 颅脑损伤, 乙醇, 头盔