Abstract: The theory of common-sense appreciation capacity stands in contrast to the theory of substantial appreciation capacity. The former posits that common-sense appreciation capacity constitutes the requisite form of appreciation within the context of criminal law. Consequently, individuals with mental disorders who have lost substantial appreciation capacity but retain common-sense appreciation capacity may be assessed as having diminished criminal responsibility, rather than being found not criminally responsible. However, this theory lacks the necessary analytical framework to conduct a substantive examination based on pathological motives and related factors. Consequently, it proves difficult to effectively identify individuals with mental disorders who lack the “possibility of alternative lawful conduct” and should therefore be excused. The application of this theory thereby diminishes the assessment of culpability for such individuals, which conflicts with the principle of culpability. Therefore, China should adhere to the theory of substantial appreciation capacity in the evaluation of criminal responsibility.

Key words: individuals with mental disorders, appreciation capacity, common-sense appreciation capacity, substantial appreciation capacity

摘要： 常识性辨认能力理论与实质性辨认能力理论有所冲突。依据常识性辨认能力理论，常识性辨认能力才是刑法意义上的辨认能力；丧失实质性辨认能力，但是拥有常识性辨认能力的精神障碍者由此可能被评定为限定刑事责任能力，而非无刑事责任能力。常识性辨认能力理论欠缺根据病理性动机等因素进行实质性审查的维度，依据该学说难以有效甄别出因不具有“他行为可能性”从而应被宽恕的精神障碍者。该理论之适用，弱化了精神障碍者的有责性评价，与责任主义原则相悖。我国应当坚持实质性辨认能力理论，对刑事责任能力进行评定。

关键词: 精神障碍者, 辨认能力, 常识性辨认能力, 实质性辨认能力