Abstract: Forensic appraisal opinions serve as crucial evidence for fact-finding in environmental adjudication. However, the review of appraisal opinions in environmental adjudication commonly remains superficial. False forensic appraisal significantly undermines the fairness and justice of environmental trials and may cause irreparable harm to the ecological environment and relevant parties. Due to ambiguities concerning whether and how judges should identify false forensic appraisal, and how to link this to accountability mechanisms, false forensic appraisal in environmental adjudication has not been effectively identified or regulated. To address this, the concept and characteristics of false forensic appraisal should be clarified. A system of technical assistance for judges should be established to enhance their ability to identify false appraisal. Furthermore, a coordinated system integrating criminal, civil, and administrative accountability should be established to fully pursue the legal liability of those responsible for false forensic appraisal. These measures would comprehensively strengthen the legal regulation of false forensic appraisal in the field of ecological and environmental adjudication.

Key words: false forensic appraisal, environmental adjudication, erroneous appraisal, forensic appraisal opinion, technical investigator

摘要： 鉴定意见是生态环境审判中认定事实的关键证据，但生态环境审判中普遍对鉴定意见的审查停留在形式层面，虚假鉴定对生态环境审判的公平正义影响甚巨，可能对生态环境和相关当事人造成难以挽回的损害。由于生态环境审判中法官是否需对虚假鉴定进行认定、如何认定、如何衔接虚假鉴定责任追究存在模糊之处，虚假鉴定在生态环境审判领域中未得到有效识别和规制。对此，应厘清虚假鉴定的概念和特征，创设法官技术辅助制度提升法官识别虚假鉴定的能力，确立规制虚假鉴定的刑事、民事、行政衔接制度，以充分追究虚假鉴定人的法律责任，从而全面强化对生态环境审判领域中虚假鉴定的法律规制。

关键词: 虚假鉴定, 生态环境审判, 错误鉴定, 鉴定意见, 技术调查官