Abstract: Mental evaluation in criminal procedure is usually initiated when necessary. Experts opinions are cross examined in court， but judges are not restricted by them. In China， the initiation of mental evaluation is mainly decided by judicial organizations， and the rights of defendants are not protected sufficiently. The experts opinions are hardly examined adequately in court， and there lack unified rules for adoption of mental evaluation opinions. The obligation of judicial organizations to initiate mental evaluation should be strengthened， expert witnesses should appear in court and rules for adoption of evaluation opinions should be established. 

Key words:  , criminal procedure, forensic psychiatry, initiation, cross examination, adoption

摘要： 刑事诉讼中的精神疾病司法鉴定通常在“有鉴定必要时”启动，精神疾病司法鉴定人出席庭审，鉴定意见在法庭上接受质证，但是法官并不完全受制于鉴定意见。我国刑事诉讼中精神疾病司法鉴定属于职权型启动，当事人的相关权利保障不足，精神疾病司法鉴定的意见难以在庭审时接受充分质证，对精神疾病司法鉴定意见的采信缺乏统一的规则。应当加强我国司法机关运用职权启动精神疾病司法鉴定的义务，鉴定人原则上应当出庭，并规范法官对精神疾病司法鉴定意见的采信。

关键词: 刑事诉讼, 司法精神病, 启动, 质证, 采信