Abstract: The determination of causation in forensic appraisal of personal injury is essentially a process of medical fact-finding that connects with legal value judgment, and its results directly or indirectly influence judicial decisions on personal injury cases. Medical causation focuses on the objective causal link between the harmful outcomes and the injurious act, emphasizing scientific explanation and empirical probability. Legal causation, by contrast, focuses on the reasonableness of attributing liability, highlighting normative choice and value assessment. The currently effective standards in the field of forensic appraisal provide technical norms for causation assessment in different cases, the core of which lies in the scientific evaluation of the underlying objective connections. Meanwhile, it is necessary to consider the boundaries between forensic appraisal and legal judgment and their reasonable coordination. The objectivity of medical evidence should serve as the foundation to avoid legal interference in factual determination, and it is also important to prevent forensic appraisal from substituting judicial adjudication. This paper discusses the layered structure of causation analysis, clarifies the positioning principle for determining factual causation, and proposes mechanisms to optimize the coordination between factual causation and legal evaluation. Additionally, this paper explores the technical support through information-based tools and the role of the expert assistant system, with the aim of achieving an effective integration of scientific rationality and legal values in causation determination.

Key words: forensic appraisal, causation, personal injury, standard, coordination mechanism

摘要： 人身损害司法鉴定的因果认定，其本质是医学事实判断，并与法律价值评价相衔接，其结果直接或间接影响最终人身损害的裁判。事实因果关系聚焦损害后果与加害行为的客观因果关联，强调科学解释与经验概率；法律因果关系则侧重责任归属的合理性界定，着重规范取舍与价值衡量。司法鉴定领域现行有效的标准为不同类型鉴定案件的因果关系评定提供了技术规范，其核心在于科学评定内在的客观关联。与此同时，也需考量其与法律判断的边界及合理衔接，一方面要以医学证据的客观性为基础，避免法律评价干预客观事实认定，另一方面也要防范“鉴定替代裁判”。本文提出了因果关系认定的分层结构理论、事实因果关系认定中的定位原则，以及事实因果关系与法律评价的衔接优化机制，同时探讨了信息化工具的技术支撑、专家辅助人制度等作用，期待实现因果认定的科学理性与法律价值的有机融合。

关键词: 司法鉴定, 因果关系, 人身损害, 标准, 衔接机制