Abstract: The unclear connotation of probative value of evidence is the root cause of confusion in evaluating the probative value of expert opinions. The probative value of an evidence includes two aspects: credibility and probative force. The hybrid inference scheme of expert opinions combines credibility inference and probative force inference. The argument form for evaluating credibility conforms to the syllogism deduction structure of the expert opinion generation process, and the story scheme for evaluating probative force is based on the essence of probative force, that is, comparing the probability of the evidence appearing in competitive stories. The hybrid inference scheme is a generalization of expert opinion evaluation with defeasibility, and critical questions that match the inference scheme can invalidate arguments that conform to the inference scheme. In order to avoid bearing the potential adverse litigation consequences caused by proof evaluation, both parties should dynamically use critical questions to complete the tactical burden of proof.

Key words: expert opinion, evaluation of probative value, inference scheme

摘要： 证据证明力的内涵不清是造成专家意见证明力评价混乱的根源，一项证据的证明力包括证据的可信性与证明力量两个方面。专家意见证明力评价的混合推论型式结合了可信性推论与证据力量推论，可信性的论证型式契合专家意见生成过程的三段论演绎结构，证据力量的故事型式则基于证明力量的实质，即在竞争性的事件版本中比较该证据出现的可能性。混合推论型式是对专家意见证明力评价的一般化，具有可废止性，与推论型式配套的批判性问题能够使符合推论型式的论证失效。为了避免承担由证明力评价造成的不利诉讼后果，双方当事人应当动态地使用批判性问题，完成策略性的证明负担。

关键词: 专家意见, 证明力评价, 推论型式