Chinese Journal of Forensic Sciences ›› 2021 ›› Issue (5): 47-54.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.05.005
• Special Topic Discussion: Building Forensic Appraisal Credibility • Previous Articles Next Articles
WANG Canfa,ZHANG Tianze
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王灿发,张天泽
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Abstract: Professional opinions (expert opinions and expert consultation) in environmental litigation play an irreplaceable role in finding out facts of a case and correctly applying the law. At present, China lacks specific and clear legal provisions on the probative power of professional opinions. Phenomena such as “relational appraisal” and “experts out of court” have led, to a certain extent, to the disposition and confusion of the probative power of professional opinions. In order to strengthen the probative power of professional opinions in environmental litigation, efforts should be made from the aspects of expert selection, evidence presentation, professional orientation and optimized participation, and to promote the reform and progress of legislation. That is, for forensic appraisal, a special environmental forensic expertise organization platform should be established, to protect the right of parties in environmental litigation to apply for appraisal under the guidance of judges; to explain the demonstration process and influencing factors of expert opinions in court; to unify and standardize the qualification of environmental forensic appraisal and evaluation institutions. In the amendment of relevant laws, the right of the parties to entrust appraisal by themselves shall be confirmed. For expert advice, the scope of “experts” should be expanded. Expert opinions shall be presented objectively. Expert opinions shall be “professional”. We should also explore the possibility of establishing expert jury system in environmental litigation.
Key words: environmental litigation, appraisal opinion, expert opinion, probative power, heart evidence
摘要: 环境诉讼中专业意见(鉴定意见及专家咨询)对于查明案件事实、正确适用法律等具有不可替代的作用。而当前我国在专业意见证明力方面缺少具体的法律明确规定,“关系鉴定”“庭外专家”等现象一定程度上导致了专业意见证明力的错位与混乱。为补强专业意见在环境诉讼中的证明力,需从专家选任、证据呈示、专业为本、优化参与等方面着力为之,并推动立法的变革与进展。即对于司法鉴定,应设立专门的环境司法鉴定机构平台;在法官的指导下保障环境诉讼当事人申请鉴定的权利;当庭说明鉴定意见的论证过程以及影响因素;统一规范环境司法鉴定评估机构资质;修法中确认并固定当事人自行委托鉴定的权利。对于专家咨询意见,应扩大“专家”的范围;专家意见需客观呈示;专家意见应以“专业性”为要求;探索建立环境诉讼专家陪审员制度。
关键词: 环境诉讼, 鉴定意见, 专家意见, 证明力, 心证
CLC Number:
DF8
X21
WANG Canfa, ZHANG Tianze. Research on the Probative Power of Appraisal Opinions and Expert Opinions in Environmental Litigation[J]. Chinese Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2021(5): 47-54.
王灿发, 张天泽. 环境诉讼中鉴定意见与专家意见证明力研究[J]. 中国司法鉴定, 2021(5): 47-54.
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URL: http://www.chsfjd.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.05.005
http://www.chsfjd.cn/EN/Y2021/V118/I5/47
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