Abstract:

The new provisions on civil evidence reconstitute the litigation status of forensic appraisers and the statutory entrustment requirements of appraisal in civil proceedings, and the forensic appraisal of environmental damage which is the most important step in environmental justice should be adjusted accordingly. From the perspective of the definition of connotation of appraisal opinion, it is necessary to change the dependency only on qualification of the appraising agent and on techninology in the past when the court accepted the appraisal opinion of environmental damage to the legal doctrine centered on trial. From the perspective of appraiser’s litigation status, among the system of “the person with specialized knowledge”，the appraiser and “expert assistant” entrusted by parties, the appraiser and “expert assistant” appointed by court should comply with the requirements of the substantive reform of trial，and clarify the technology confrontation role of the person with specialized knowledge hired by the parties in the trial and the neutral auxiliary function of the judicial expert appointed by the court to the judge. Starting with the reconstruction of the new provisions of civil evidence, it also needs to be extended to the environmental justice specialization. It is necessary to establish in a timely manner the rule of connection and transformation of forensic appraisers of environmental damage and their opinions in different litigation procedures with the process of centralized management of environmental cases, such as civil litigation, criminal litigation, and administrative litigation.

Key words:

provisions of civil evidence, environmental damage, forensic appriaser, appraisal opinion

摘要：

 新《民事证据规定》重构了民事诉讼中司法鉴定人的诉讼地位和鉴定意见的法定委托要件，环境司法活动中最为关键的环境损害司法鉴定亦须因之作出相应调整。从鉴定意见内涵界定角度视之，以往法庭采信环境损害司法鉴定意见时的资质中心主义和科技中心主义有必要向以审判为中心的法定主义转变。从鉴定人诉讼地位角度视之，在“有专门知识的人”制度体系中，当事人聘请的鉴定人、“专家辅助人”以及法院委托的鉴定人、“专家辅助人”都应当顺应庭审实质化改革要求，明确当事人聘请的有专门知识的人在庭审中的科技对抗角色和法院委托的鉴定人对法官的中立辅助作用。从新《民事证据规定》的重构开始，还需延展至环境司法专门化背景下，明确环境资源案件归口管理过程中需要及时建立民事诉讼、刑事诉讼、行政诉讼等不同诉讼程序中环境损害司法鉴定人及其意见的衔接与转换规则。

关键词:

《民事证据规定》, 环境损害, 鉴定人, 鉴定意见