Abstract: Quality management is widely adopted in the field of forensic science worldwide to enhance the reliability of appraisal opinions. The quality control of forensic science laboratories in China faces multiple institutional constraints, which not only control the quality of appraisal opinions but also constrain, to some extent, the generation of appraisal opinions and the resolution of specialized issues. The fundamental purpose of quality “control” is to promote the admissibility of appraisal opinions. In the process of quality “control”, it is necessary to be vigilant against being trapped in the mold of mechanization and inertia thinking. The quality control of forensic science laboratories in China requires a paradigm shift, returning to the essence of quality control centered on “ability”, supplementing the lack of specific standards with general principles of method validation, and moving towards a more resilient quality control system.

Key words: forensic science, quality control, reliability, competence, method validation

摘要： 质量控制作为国际法庭科学实验室通行的管理手段, 对提升鉴定意见的可靠性发挥了积极作用。我国司法鉴定/法庭科学实验室的质量控制受制于多重制度规制，在 “控制”了鉴定意见质量的同时，也“制约”了鉴定意见的生成和专门性问题的解决。司法鉴定/法庭科学实验室质量控制需要警惕机械主义和惯性思维，回归以“能力”为核心的质控本质，以方法验证通则补充具体标准缺位，建立更具韧性的质控体系。

关键词:  , 司法鉴定/法庭科学；质量控制；可靠性；能力；方法验证