Abstract: Objective To study the characteristics of impact injuries incurred by different vehicle types,different transportation modes and other factors in forensic medical cases.Methods 200 traffic accidents involving collision between vehicles and humans in Shanghai were selected,and characteristics of impact injuries were analyzed by examination and comparison of vehicles and injuries.Results Impact injuries mainly occurred in low limbs,then in chest and head.There was no significant frequency difference of impact injuries between pedestrians and riders(including people on the back seat of a bicycle or motorcycle).Low limb injuries were common in accidents involving cars and small buses;and chest injuries were often seen in bus crashes.The possibility of hitting victims away increased with the increase of vehicle speed,and windshield hit(the second hit) was often found by trace examination of vehicles.Conclusion The analysis of the characteristics of impact injuries in vehicle and human collisions would be helpful for forensic medical examination of traffic accidents and traffic injury studies.

Key words: traffic accident, human out of vehicle, impact injury

摘要： 目的以真实案例为基础,研究汽车碰撞事故中,不同机动车车型、不同交通方式等因素造成车外人员撞击伤的特征。方法选取上海地区发生的汽车与车外人员碰撞事故案例200例,通过对事故中的人、车等检验对比,分析车外人员撞击伤的特点。结果车外人员撞击伤主要出现在下肢,其次为胸部和头部;行人(含推车人)撞击伤出现频次与骑车人(含自行车或摩托车后座乘员)无明显差异;小轿车和小客车事故中撞击伤多见于下肢,大客车多见于胸部;车外人员被撞击后发生抛甩频率随车速的加大而增高,且通过车体痕迹检验,人体与车辆挡风玻璃发生(二次)撞击伤匹配程度最高。结论分析汽车与车外人员碰撞事故人体撞击伤特点,对于交通伤法医学鉴定及深化交通伤机制研究具有参考价值。

关键词: 交通事故, 车外人员, 撞击伤, 特点