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2001 Issue 1 (Total No. 1)
Published: 15 January 2001    Next Issue
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Screening system for detection of common abused drugs in biological fluids SHEN Min;XIANG Ping;SHEN Bao-hua (Institute of Forensic Sciences;Ministry of Justice) 2001(1): 1-6.  Abstract ( )   A screening system was established for detection of common,.abused drugs in bilolgical fluids. Urine or blood specimens were terated by liquid extraction (LLE)or solid=phase extraction (SPE), and then analyzed by GC/NPD or GC/ MS after derivatization with TEA and BSTFA. The system can be used for the simultaneous detection of MAMP, MDMA, meperidion, normeperidine, tramadol, EDDP, methadone, cocaine, benzoylecognine, cldeine, diazepam, chlorpramazine, morphine, monoacetylmorphine. The recoveries of 14 abused drugs for SPE and LLE rang from 66 to 102% and from 50 to 86% respectively, with low limits of detection (2-5ng/ml). The method has been successfully applied to toxicological analysis and demonstrated that is simple, rapid and accurate. Related Articles | Metrics

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A study of BDNF and TrKB in rat brain after fluid percussion injury by the immunohistochemistry CHEN Yu-bo;HUANG Dai-xin;WU Mei-yun;et al. ( Department of Forensic Biology;West China College of Forensic Medicine;Sichuan University;Chengdu 00) 2001(1): 7-10.  Abstract ( )   Objective Study on the pattern of changes of BDNF and it's receptor TrKB occurred in the experimental brain injury model for further ascertaining the molecular mechanism of brain injury. Methods Three groups were settled, including: normal control, operation sham control and experimental group. Moderate severity of brain injury (0.2MPa) was established by the fluid percussion method. In the later case, 10 subgroups were divided,: 5 rats each group. Immunohistochemistry ABC method was used for studying the immuno-reactivity of both BDNF and TrkB factors. Results Unilateral FP brain injury induced a bilateral increasing in levels of both BDNF and TrK B factors.The immuno-reactivity of both BDNF and TrKB factors increased in granule and pyramidal layers in cortex, CA3 regions of hippocampus as well as the Purkinje neurons of cerebellum 1h after brain injury, reached to the peak at 3-6h, remained above normal level up to 12h and then declined to normal control level at 24h after brain injury. Significant difference in gene expression of both BDNF and TrkB were found between the 1h, 3h, 6h and 12h subgroups of experimental groups and both normal and operation sham control groups. Conclusion The results demonstrated that the brain injury induced the gene expressions not only the IEGs, but also both BDNF and it's receptor TrKB. The pattern of BDNF and TrKB level changes were quite regular which might be used for timing of injury in forensic medicine aspect. The role of these two factors in molecular mechanism of brain injury has been discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The challenge to questioned document examination incurred by the abuse of digital imaging SHI Shao-pei (Institute of Forensic Sciences;Shanghai 000) 2001(1): 11-13.  Abstract ( )   Just as digital imaging can be used to facilitate questioned documents examination, it can also be abused to fraud documents. In this study, three types of documents fabricated by digital imaging techniques were demonstrated, which are cut-paste documents, altered signatures and color printed seals and signatures. Digital imaging can avoid many "defects" produced by traditional methods. Impacts of the abuse of digital imaging are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dating of ballpoint inks WANG Shi-quan;BAG Ren;XIE Hui;MENG Pin-jia (Police College of China;Shenyang 00) 2001(1): 14-18.  Abstract ( )   Dating of ballpoint writing is a difficult problem in questioned document examination. Based on the results of foreign references and through ten years experiments, we worked out the technique suitable for our country's situation for estimating the age of ballpoint inks . In the study, the solvent extraction comparison method was adopted and factors affecting ink's aging were tested. Special instrument was designed and procedures of low temperature testing were invented. The method can discriminate ballpoint writings dated before one year but suspected within half year from the examination time , if proper known samples are available. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reform of forensic authentication system is necessary in the era of scientific evidence HE Jia-hong LIU Hao-yang (Chinese people's University Public Security Bureau;Civil Ariatiu Burean of China) 2001(1): 26-28.  Abstract ( )   Forensic authentication is an important method in the modern judicial proof. Modern forensic authentication is the result of the development of proof methods. The progress of science and technology impelled the two important transitions of proof methods. The scientific evidence that is composed of tangible evidence and forensic authentication conclusion should play the most important role in the judicial proof. The tangible evidences can not prove the fact itself. Forensic authentication is an important method to identify, to exam, to analyze, and to evaluate evidence. The progress of forensic authentication can help us to discover more potential evidence. Science and technology is the key of forensic authentication. The development of science and technology is the primary factor in the advancement of forensic authentication. The reform of forensic authentication system ought to fit in with the reform of judicial system. The reform of forensic authentication system ought to fit in with the evidence law. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on the enactment of regulations for Chinese criminal DNA database FANG Jian-xin;YU Hong-wei;CHENG Da-lin (Institute of Forensic Sciences;Ministry of Justice;PRC;Shanghai;000;Shanghai People's Prosecutor Bureau;PRC;Shanghai;0000) 2001(1): 38-43.  Abstract ( )   In the forensic sciences, the genetic analytic technique is now widely used in paternity test and personal identification. Especially, the conceive of establishing Criminal DNA Database by using of DNA typing technique as a criminal detective means has now come true. The USA and some Western Europe Countries have successfully set up Criminal DNA Databases backed by PCR-STR technique in the recent years, and they also have enacted correlative laws and regulations for administration of Criminal DNA Database in its whole process. In 1999, The Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice PRC, launched the study on the Model of Chinese Criminal DNA Database, and has finished this study work in the same year. It is anticipated that the plan of establishing Chinese Criminal Database will realize soon in the future. So it is necessary to begin the study on drafting the correlative laws and regulations as soon as possible, which will act as an important guarantee for establishment and operation of Chinese Criminal DNA Database in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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It is important to work out a criterion for paternity testing LU Di;CHANG Lin (The Department of Forensic Medicine;Beijing Higher People' s Court;Beijing 0000) 2001(1): 44-46.  Abstract ( )   Theory and technique of paternity testing have been developing quickly in recent years. By way of paternity testing, more and more people are able to get expert testimony to protect their legitimate rights and interests. But there are some problems arising in the process of getting the expert testimonies. It shows that our management of laboratory lags behind. Since we have not common management standards for lab, it is difficult to judge whether a lab is good or bed in this filed. In addition, we have not any unified technical standards and quality control systems for paternity testing. If these problems are not solved, our management of appraisal would not meet the needs of the reform of judicial system. It will also obstruct paternity testing to serve the justice scientifically and impartially. So we appeal to the concerned departments to place importance on it and to cooperate in the work. We expect that this scientific appraisal will be managed normally as soon as possible. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the attributes of medical relations and the unique principles in settling medical disputes ZHANG Zan-ning (Health Law Research Institute;Southeast University Najing) 2001(1): 47-50.  Abstract ( )   It is disputed domestically whether Medical Law (Health La w) is a part of civil law or that of administrative law. This article, based on analyzing fundamental features of medical science and medical conducts, points out that medical relations does not possess any essential qualities of a civil relation, i. e. the equality of the parties, self-autonomy, reciprocity and mutual benefit; and in medical relations, there's no administrative subject and administrative counterpart as exist in administrative relations. Therefor, the article pioneers in advocating that medical law is an independent jurisprudence which governs relations neither lateral (the civil relation) nor vertical (the administrative relation) but oblique (the medical relations). After the elaboration of the attributes of medical relations, the article reveals the unique principles and rules in settling medical disputes, which constitute guidelines to seek a fair resolution of medical disputes. Related Articles | Metrics

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An approach on jurisdiction of legislation on judicial forensic appraisal 2001(1): 51-52.  Abstract ( )   How to divide the jurisdiction of legislation on judicial forensic appraisal directly affects the legislation of judicial forensic appraisal serving the public. This article makes analysis on the nature of judicial forensic appraisal from the angels of present laws and regulations, jurisprudence theory , and legal practice. It puts forword the concept that the management over judicial forensic activity, the institutes, and the professionals should be a ad-ministrative function, while the initiative of appraisal and the acceptance of expert conclution belong to the litigation system. Therefore, the local legislature can standadize the judicial. Related Articles | Metrics