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主管:中华人民共和国司法部
主办:司法鉴定科学研究院
ISSN 1671-2072  CN 31-1863/N

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    Special Topic Discussion: Building Forensic Appraisal Credibility
    Compliance Management and Standardization: Building the Credibility of Forensic Appraisal in the Era of Scientific Evidence
    WANG Xu, CHEN Jun
    2021(6): 1-9.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.001
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1391KB) ( )  
    Forensic appraisal serves litigation activities, involving the rights of both parties and other public interests of the society, and its credibility building is very important. As an important part of judicial activities, forensic appraisal has the social attributes of science, law and service. In the age of scientific evidence, litigation relies on evidence, and evidence usually relies on forensic appraisal, which has caused the social influence of forensic appraisal to increase year by year. As the number of appraisal institutions gradually becomes saturated, their socialization, marketization, and profitability have brought disordered competition, while forensic appraisal scalpers and negative reports on false appraisal continue, the scientificity and reliability of appraisal opinions have also been disputed among academic community. Disputes among the public, media, and practice circles have caused the credibility of appraisal to fall into many difficulties. Through systematically sorting out the concepts of compliance, credibility, scientific evidence, etc., this article analyzes the real dilemma of forensic credibility construction, introduces the latest concept of the ISO 37301 compliance management system of the International Organization for Standardization, and proposes that credibility construction is a systematic project, which can be carried out in the following multiple dimensions exploration: to use compliance management to improve the standardization of forensic appraisal management, and to use “Daubert Principles” as the framework standard for forensic science/forensic authentication; to use technical standard system construction to enhance the scientific trust of forensic appraisal; to strengthen process management, to strengthen the construction of a credit system, and to comprehensively improve customer satisfaction in forensic appraisal.
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    Research on the Application of Blockchain to Improve the Credibility of Forensic Appraisal—Taking Maritime Forensic Appraisal as a Sample
    HAO Zhipeng
    2021(6): 10-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.002
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1428KB) ( )  
    The institutional, procedural and practical problems exposed in the long-term practice of forensic appraisal system have become the bottleneck and chronic disease restricting the further improvement of the credibility of forensic appraisal. As an important branch of forensic appraisal system, maritime forensic appraisal has high sample reference value in the analysis of the credibility of forensic appraisal. Based on the concepts and technical advantages of blockchain decentralization, non-tampering, openness and transparency, it is suggested to learn from and absorb the innovative practice of blockchain in five aspects: perfect management, optimization of procedures, sorting of appraisal norms, evidence conversion and storage, and process disclosure, to avoid the possible institutional risks of blockchain, and take maritime forensic appraisal as the pilot, explore ways to improve the credibility of forensic appraisal that match the requirements of forensic reform and the construction of smart courts.
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    The Improvement of the Credibility of Forensic Appraisal from the Perspective of Forensic Appraisal Management
    SHENG Shuhong
    2021(6): 28-36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.004
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1218KB) ( )  
    Forensic appraisal opinions provide judges with a professional reference basis, which in turn influence judges’ judgments on cases and determine the allocation of interests between parties. The development of the judicial appraisal industry determines the overall level of the country's judicial system to a certain extent. The frequent occurrence of negative news about forensic appraisal has greatly damaged the credibility of forensic appraisal, and the damage to the credibility of forensic appraisal will inevitably have an impact on the country's judicial credibility. To legislate on and improve the judicial appraisal management system, to eliminate the stubborn problems that currently exist in the forensic appraisal industry, to  clean the atmosphere of the forensic appraisal industry, to promote the benign interaction between judicial appraisal and  judicial organs, and to rebuild the credibility of judicial appraisal are the inevitable choice for the healthy development of the forensic appraisal industry and a sound response to the concerns of the public.
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    Research on the Countermeasures to Improve the Credibility of Forensic Appraisal
    A Qila
    2021(6): 37-42.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.005
    Abstract ( )   PDF (902KB) ( )  
    Forensic appraisal is an indispensable link in judicial practice. Its role is to improve judges?謘 cognitive judgment, solve complex and professional issues involved in the judiciary, and reproduce the facts of the case, so as to provide sufficient basis for judicial organs to make accurate rulings. Therefore, judicial appraisal is not only an important means to ensure judicial justice, but also an effective way to promote the gradual improvement of the entire forensic appraisal system. To ensure the credibility of judicial appraisal is conducive to the parties' acceptance of judgments. With the continuous development of society, people's awareness of the rule of law has become higher, the role of judicial appraisal in litigation has also become more prominent, and the people's requirements for the fairness and impartiality of judicial appraisal have further increased. However, there are many influencing factors to forensic appraisal, which makes China's forensic appraisal credibility face severe challenges. Through the analysis of the concept and characteristics of the credibility of forensic appraisal, the lack of credibility of forensic appraisal in China is explained, the main influencing factors are analyzed, and relevant measures to improve the credibility of forensic appraisal are put forward in combination with the actual situation, in order to help promote our country's continuous improvement of the judicial appraisal system.
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    Forensic Review

    Research Progress on Analytical Methods of Appetite Suppressants in Hair

    YANG Huan, WANG Xin, YU Miao, XIANG Ping
    2021(6): 43-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.006
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1029KB) ( )  

    Overseas anti-obesity drugsflow into China through purchasing agents, the Internet and other illegal channels. After testing, it is found that these appetite inhibitor anti-obesity drugscontain psychotropic substances controlled in China, such as phentermine, amphetamine, benzotriazine and fenfluramine. The abuse of this kind of anti-obesity drugswill not only cause serious social problems, but also cause great harm to the body and mind of users. Because of its wide variety and complex components, it has brought great difficulties and challenges to the analysis and identification workers. Hair has been identified as an ideal sample for the identification of drug abuse because it reflects the frequency and time of drug administration. This paper summarizes the sample treatment, analysis methods and positive cases of appetite suppressants in hair, in order to provide reference for the establishment of hair analysis methods that can simultaneously determine the components of these appetite suppressants.

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    The Application of Hyperspectral Imaging Technology in the Identification of Falsified (Contaminated) Documents

    GUO Yuanyuan, SUN Nianfeng, YE Ruiren, SHI Shaopei
    2021(6): 53-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.007
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1274KB) ( )  

    In practice, Forensic examination of altered and damaged document is mostly use the tools of microscope, video spectral comparator VSC, static indentation meter and other physical and chemical inspection methods. Traditional spectral inspection methods are either limited by the spectral range, or have a low differentiation rate for similar substances, or unable to image the whole, and the results are difficult to provide accurate support for forensic examination of altered and damaged document. Hyperspectral imaging HSIis an integration of conventional imaging technology and spectroscopy to detect subtle spectral differences between chemically similar substances, using the different images and spectral properties of substances for rapid nondestructive analysis, which can reveal detailed features that are more difficult to observe by traditional technical means; the spectral image data processing method can also improve the recognition of ambiguous elements on the document. By reviewing the technical principles, data processing methods and specific applications of hyperspectral imaging techniques in forensic examination of altered and damaged document, the paper summarizes and outlooks the challenges and development directions in the future research.

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    Forensic Science

    Genetic Polymorphisms of 19 X-STR Loci in Henan Han Population

    ZHANG Xiaofang, YANG Xingyi, CHEN Ling, LIU Changhui, LI Shuanglin, ZENG Ying, LIU Chao
    2021(6): 62-67.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.008
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1035KB) ( )  

    Objective Aimed to investigate genetic polymorphisms of 19 X-chromosome short tandem repeat X-STRpanel in Henan Han population and assess its value for forensic applications. Methods Oral swab DNA templates were selected from 519 unrelated individuals in Henan Han population, and genetic marker was detected using the AGCU X19 fluorescence detection system DXS7423, DXS10148, DXS8378, DXS10162, DXS7132, DXS10079, DXS10103, DXS10101, HPTRB, DXS10074 and DXS10135, DXS10159, DXS10164, DXS10075, DXS6809, DXS6789, DXS7424, DXS101 and DXS10134based on electrophoresis. Results The genotype ferquencies of the 19 X-STR loci, except DXS10134, was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Bonferroni correction P>0.000 2=0.05/233. Two hundred and nineteen alleles were detected in 519 unrelated individuals of Henan Han Chinese with gene frequency between 0.001 3 and 0.613 0. The observed heterozygosity Hoof the 19 loci ranged from 0.553 7 to 0.922 8, the theoretical heterozygosity Heranged from 0.542 8 to 0.925 2, and the polymorphic information content PICranged from 0.4541 to 0.918 9. Conclusion The 19 X-STR loci have high genetic polymorphism in Henan Han population, which can conform to the requirement of forensic application. Futher more, the panel has an advantage on the forensic practice of complex kinship identification and difficult mixed examination materials.

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    Analysis and Research on the Characteristic Change of Peeling Fingerprint

    ZHAO Yuhan, QIAN Huanggui, SHI Shaopei, SUN Nianfeng
    2021(6): 68-71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.009
    Abstract ( )   PDF (9344KB) ( )  

    Objective At present, the identification of fingerprints in forensic practice still relies mainly on the identification of fingerprint details that meet a certain number of requirements, however, the specificity of print characteristics and stage characteristics does not require the same identification process to meet a certain number, which provides an important basis for the identification of fingerprints. This paper mainly analyzes the changing process of peeling fingerprint and the characteristics of peeling fingerprint, so as to apply them to the forensic practice. Methods In this paper, the different characteristics of the same finger were observed under microscope, and the characteristics were measured by the auxiliary application system of forensic science, the stage change process of fingerprint peeling reflected in fingerprint characteristics was studied. Results After fingerprint peeling, each stage of its dynamic repairing can be reflected in the corresponding fingerprint, and the characteristics of the peeling fingerprint are specific in a certain period. Conclusion In the practice of forensic science, the characteristics of peeling fingerprint are not only of great importance to the identification of the same fingerprints, but also can be used to estimate the relative time of stamping through the tendency of peeling marks in fingerprints, it also provides the reference value for the relative time of document making.

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    Forensic Forum
    The Method Selection of Decomposition of Technical Features in Intellectual Porperty Appraisal ——Analysis from the Perspective of Patents
    YU Bo, ZU Zihan
    2021(6): 72-78.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.010
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1018KB) ( )  
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    The Bottleneck and Perfection of the Development of Forensic Appraisal Industry
    CHEN Junwu, PENG Hongyi, CHEN Ziyu
    2021(6): 79-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.011
    Abstract ( )   PDF (747KB) ( )  
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    Deconstruction of the Re-appraisal System from the New Provisions on Civil Evidence ——Also on Article 40 of the Provisions on Civil Evidence
    JIN Leiting
    2021(6): 84-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.012
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1059KB) ( )  
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    The Role of Arbitration in the Handling of Medical Dispute Cases
    HAN Han, LAN Lingmei, XU Lian, CHEN Donghua, CAI Jifeng
    2021(6): 91-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.013
    Abstract ( )   PDF (721KB) ( )  
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    The Combined Application of Trace Science and Forensic Medicine in the Identification of Multi-vehicle Accidents
    JIANG Zhenfei, ZOU Donghua, ZHAO Minghui, CHEN Jianguo, GUAN Chuan
    2021(6): 96-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.014
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2808KB) ( )  
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