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2023 Issue 1 (Total No. 0)
Published: 15 January 2023 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Special Topic Discussion: Forensic Appraisal Legislation
Forensic Review
Forensic Science
Forensic Forum


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Special Topic Discussion: Forensic Appraisal Legislation

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The Coordinated Construction Path of Unified Forensic Appraisal Management System— Discussion with the Single Legislative Path ZHANG Baosheng, YUN Dan, CHEN Bangda, DONG Shuai 2023(1): 1-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1997KB) ( )   This paper explores the relative shortage of forensic appraisal regulations and the divergence regarding legislative models on forensic appraisal in China. Based on the analysis and questioning of the necessity, reasonableness, and feasibility of the enactment of Forensic Appraisal Law, we take the view that a path of coordinated construction should be taken from four levels, namely legal norms, judicial interpretations, administrative regulations and forensic appraisal standards, to jointly promote the coordinated construction path of unified forensic appraisal management system. Through the synergy between the four levels, we can jointly promote the realization of this goal. The differences between the four levels of forensic appraisal norms are relative, and norms at different levels may have the same functions. Since many problems existing in the forensic practice root from the weakness of the top-level-design of forensic regulation system, we should strengthen the construction of basic principles and evaluative standards of forensic appraisal, and embed them in the current forensic technical standards, which is the shortcut to improve the forensic appraisal system in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Thinking on Some Problems of Enacting the Forensic Appraisal Law SUN Daming, DU Zhichun 2023(1): 12-21.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1527KB) ( )   At present, the only law in the field of forensic appraisal in China is the Decision on the Management of Forensic Appraisal adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on February 28, 2005, and amended in 2015. The law has played an important role in promoting the reform of the forensic appraisal system, perfecting the development system and improving the credibility construction of the quality of forensic appraisal. With the implementation of the rule of law strategy and the deepening of forensic reform, some bottleneck problems in the field of forensic appraisal gradually become prominent, such as the un-unified access threshold of forensic appraisal institutions, appraisers, registration and licensing procedures, the double-track system of forensic appraisal administration, the conflict of affiliation of standardized management of forensic appraisal, the construction of national industry organizations and the lack of self-management institutions, lack of credibility of forensic appraisal, etc. The existing legal system of forensic appraisal can not meet the needs of the healthy development of the industry and the construction of the rule of law in China. It is urgent to adjust the issues concerning administrative system reform, forensic system reform, the connection with procedural law and other laws, and the protection of the basic rights of litigants through national laws. It is urgent to develop and issue the Forensic Appraisal Law to improve the level of legalization in the field of forensic appraisal. The authors demonstrate the feasibility of national legislation regarding forensic appraisal from the perspective of legislative needs, legislative resources and legislative difficulties. The authors also combed out the focus issues that should be paid attention to in the national legislation of forensic appraisal from the macro, meso and micro levels, and proposed specific suggestions. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Paths of Enhancing Forensic Appraisal Credibility— Based on the Analysis of Unified Legislation of Forensic Appraisal ZHAO Yang, LI Hao, LI Deying 2023(1): 22-28.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (970KB) ( )   Forensic appraisal system is an important basis for maintaining forensic authority and enhancing forensic system credibility. The current status of China's forensic appraisal legislation and management system face many problems and dilemmas. There are problems such as imperfect systems, insufficient supporting policies and unbalanced development, which are not conducive to the full play of the role of forensic appraisal and bring negative impact on forensic credibility. The fundamental reason is that China has not yet established a specialized Forensic Appraisal Law. The unified legislation of forensic appraisal is very urgent and necessary, which is the institutional guarantee to improve the unified forensic appraisal management system. In order to enhance the credibility of forensic appraisal, we should accelerate the process of legislation of forensic appraisal, promote the enactment of the Forensic Appraisal Law, improve the standardized and unified forensic appraisal management system, perfect the system of forensic appraisal institutions and forensic appraisers, and strengthen the construction of other relevant supporting systems Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Legislative Value and Construction Logic of the Forensic Appraisal Law WANG Lianzhao 2023(1): 29-37.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1150KB) ( )   Improving a unified forensic appraisal management system is an important measure to modernize the national forensic appraisal governance system and governance capacity. The problems of one-sided concepts, complicated systems, and fragmented laws in China’s forensic appraisal management system urgently need a comprehensive national-level law to resolve them. China’s Forensic Appraisal Law already has the necessity, feasibility and legitimacy. The Forensic Appraisal Law will realize the order value of law through integration and coordination, and realize the justice value of law through measurement and compensation. In terms of the choice of legislative model, the Forensic Appraisal Law should adopt a “single system + layered” legislative model. In terms of system construction, the Forensic Appraisal Law should adopt a “management + procedure + review + responsibility” structure, with the four groups of institutional systems to complete the embedding into China’s forensic system. Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Review

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Research Progress of Bone Age Assessment Based on Deep Learning and MRI Technology JIAO Jianming, FAN Fei, DENG Xiaodong, DAI Xinhua, LIN Yushan, LIU Guangfeng, DING Jie, WANG Junjing, BAI Wanjing, NING Gang, CHEN Hu, DENG Zhenhua 2023(1): 38-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (887KB) ( )   Bone age, one of the important basis for age assessment, is a very active research field in forensic medicine. The current bone age assessment （BAA） methods are mainly based on the manual assessment of the gradual anatomical changes in X-ray images, which are time-consuming and prone to inter and intra-reviewer variability. Moreover, it is suffered ethical debate that the radioactive X-ray method is for inspection instead of treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） is the preferred method for BAA without radiation. The MRI system produces bone image as three-dimensional volumetric data in the form of a stack of two-dimensional slices. MRI has a superior ability in providing the images of cartilage of epiphyseal plate, and can clearly show the growth and development of epiphysis. The use of skeletal MRI for BAA has become a feasible strategy to reduce radiation risks. At the same time, with the development of deep learning technology, its advantages in image analysis and big data processing are emerging. Therefore, the combination of deep learning and MRI for BAA has been the research frontier in recent years. This paper reviewed the research progress on BAA using deep learning and MRI, and summarized the new technologies and methods for BAA, in order to provide new ideas and reference for future works. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress and Application of QSAR in New Psychoactive Substances WU Lina, XIAO Fu, LIN Jiaman, LI Tianle, XIANG Ping, SHI Yan, YUN Keming 2023(1): 45-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (978KB) ( )   The global abuse of new psychoactive substances is becoming more and more prominent, resulting in the frequent occurrence of hazard social events. Mastering the structural and toxicological characteristics of new psychoactive substances is an important approach to effective control. However, most new psychoactive substances lack structural and toxicological data, which brings great challenges to the current drug control work. Quantitative structure-activity relationship （QSAR） is a model for constructing the relationship between structural characteristics and bioactivity of compounds. It can use the characteristic data of known compounds combined with statistics to predict the structural characteristics of unknown compounds. In this way, the structural parameters and functional mechanism of the unknown compounds can be inferred, which is expected to provide auxiliary guidance for identification. This paper reviews the QSAR modeling process, its research progress and applications in new psychoactive substances such as fentanyl, phenylethylamine, tryptamine and synthetic cannabinoids, in order to provide a basis for the identification and toxicity evaluation of new psychoactive substances. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of the Analysis of New Psychoactive Substances-Synthetic Cannabinoids in Hair ZHENG Jiaming, WANG Xin, ZHAO Yunli, XIANG Ping 2023(1): 53-62.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1115KB) ( )   Synthetic cannabinoids is one type of the most common, diverse and widely abused new psychoactive substances. Over the past decade, synthetic cannabinoids have been widely abused all over the world in forms of spices, tobacco, and e-cigarette. Synthetic cannabinoids abuse can cause psychosis, hallucinations, and in severe cases, it can lead to death. The abuse of them will not only seriously affect human physical and mental health, but also pose a major threat to public health and safety. Hair has been used as a common matrix in the field of forensic science, because of its long detection window, good sample stability and relative non-invasiveness. This paper reviewed the current situation of analytical methods of synthetic cannabinoids in hair, including sample preparation, analytical procedure, limits of detection, limits of quantification and authentic cases. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids in hair and for the evaluation of the prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids. Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Science

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A Comparative Study of Pretreatment and DNA Extraction Methods for Bones from Different Parts YANG Zihao, JIANG Zhiwei, WU Liming, TAO Ruiyang, XIA Ruocheng, LI Chengtao, DU Zhichun 2023(1): 63-70.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (2342KB) ( )   Objective To determine the optimal extraction process of bone DNA by comparing pretreatment and DNA extraction methods for bones from different parts. Methods Firstly, fresh bone samples were collected from a domestic cow, including one femur, one humerus and one rib. Secondly, bone powder was prepared by ball-milling and frozen grinding respectively. DNA was extracted by five methods including AutoMate ExpressTM magnetic bead method. Finally, paired t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis were applied to compare the DNA concentration, purity and STR typing results under different extraction processes. Results In terms of yield, the ball-milling method had an advantage and the highest DNA concentration was extracted using the AutoMate ExpressTM magnetic bead method. In terms of purity, there was no significant difference between the two pretreatment methods. Using the AutoMate ExpressTM magnetic bead method acquired the purest DNA. In terms of STR analysis results, the frozen grinding method combined with the AutoMate ExpressTM magnetic bead method gave better STR typing results with a high rate of STR genotyping. In addition, rib is more likely to obtain the best DNA yield and STR results. Conclusion The combination of the AutoMate ExpressTM magnetic bead method with frozen grinding method, a more ideal method of bone pretreatment, can greatly improve the efficiency of bone DNA recovery. Additionally, rib is more suitable for bone DNA identification in forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection of Three Common Capsaicinoids in New Lachrymator by GC-MS HU Can, ZHU Jun, LI Yajun, MEI Hongcheng , GUO Hongling, LIU Zhanfang, WANG Ping 2023(1): 71-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (726KB) ( )   Objective To establish a method for the analysis of nonivamide, a main pungent ingredient of the new type lachrymator, providing technical support for combating against related crimes. Methods Three most commonly-used capsaicinoids, i.e. natural capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and nonivamide, were listed as the analytes. A GC-MS method was established using a weak polarity column DB-5MS （30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm） for separation, and 280 ℃ was set as the injection port temperature. Results Baseline separation of the three capsaicinoids was achieved. The crack mechanism of capsaicinoids has been inferred, and m/z 137 was considered as the characteristic fragment ion of capsaicinoids. The method was used to detect the lachrymator samples in real cases. The pungent components in the spray of lachrymator were identified. Conclusion The GC-MS method for the detection of capsaicinoids in lachrymator is simple and sensitive, and can be applied in real cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between Relapse and Executive Function of Methamphetamine Addicts SONG Peipei, WANG Lijin, JIAO Dongliang, PAN Yi, HE Liang, TANG Huajun, WEI Yadong, LING Qiang, MU Linlin 2023(1): 76-80.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (858KB) ( )   Objective This study investigated the characteristics of relapse behavior of methamphetamine （MA） addicts, and explored the executive function characteristics of addicts at different relapse frequency, in order to to provide theoretical basis for reducing relapse rate, formulating targeted management measures and improving scientific detoxification through executive function training. Methods 145 male MA addicts were selected from a drug treatment center in Anhui Province, and their executive functions were measured by a drug use characteristics questionnaire and an executive function assessment scale. Results There were 69 patients （47.6%） who took drugs for the first time, 48 patients （33.1%） who had low relapse rate （once）, and 28 patients （19.3%） who had high relapse rate （twice or more times）. The factor scores and total scores of executive function in the low relapse group were lower than those in the first drug abuse group （P<0.05）, and lower than those in the high relapse group as well （P<0.05）. There was no correlation between relapse frequency and executive function in MA addicts （including first-time drug addicts） （P>0.05）. There was positive correlation （P<0.05） between relapse frequency and scores of executive function in relapse groups （excluding first-time drug addicts）. Conclusion The relapse behavior of MA addicts is related to executive function. The executive function scores of the first drug use group, low relapse group and high relapse group presents a “V” shape, which provides a theoretical basis for screening the possible relapse population and taking differential psychological correction measures. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Characteristics of Photosensitive Seals Under Different Stamping Conditions LU Yan, LÜ Chen, WANG Changliang, ZHOU Guanglei, LI Biao 2023(1): 81-85.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (10125KB) ( )   Objective Studying the specific influence of different stamping conditions on the characteristics of photosensitive seal impressions, to summarize the changing extent and laws. Methods Four stamping conditions, i.e. stamping pressure, ink density, stamping contact time, and continuous stamping, were studied as research factors. The characteristics of stamping impressions made with these four controlled variables were analyzed. Results With higher stamping pressure, thicker oil ink, and longer stamping contact time, the fixed features such as exposure flaws, defects and wear on the stamp surface were better reflected in the stamp impressions, and the variable characteristics were more obvious. On the contrary, the fixed features of the seal surface were less reflected, and fewer variable features were observed. Conclusion The reduction of stamping ink is the main factor affecting the characteristics of continuously stamped impressions, and the characteristics of defects and attachments are relatively stable. Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Forum

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Research on Issues Related to the Unified Forensic Appraisal Management System— from the Perspective of Sichuan Province JIANG Xingqing, LIU Jing, ZHANG Minghua, CHEN Hongyan 2023(1): 86-92.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (915KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Clinical Appraisal of Body Injury Caused by Mercury Exceeding Permit in Cosmetics HUANG Weiwei, LIU Min, LIU Xiaowei 2023(1): 93-96.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (728KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Current Situation of Medical Damage Appraisal in Neonatal Death Events SHEN Jian, ZHANG Zhiping, CHEN Guiping, LI Kun 2023(1): 97-99.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (486KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Identification of Traffic Accident Signal Light Indication Status at Intersections ZHANG Shibo, PANG Shaorong, LUO Longhao, QIU Jianbin, CHA Zhiyong 2023(1): 100-106.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (15517KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Statistical Analysis Report of National Forensic Appraisal in 2021 Public Legal Service Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Justice 2023(1): 107-110.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.01.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1407KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics