主管：中华人民共和国司法部
主办：司法鉴定科学研究院
ISSN 1671-2072  CN 31-1863/N
中国司法鉴定

中国司法鉴定 ›› 2023 ›› Issue (3): 45-52.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.03.006

• 鉴定综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

骨骼DNA提取与检测的法医学研究进展

杨子豪1，2，夏若成2，王思贤3，等   

  1. 1.华东政法大学 刑事法学院，上海 200042； 2.司法鉴定科学研究院 上海市法医学重点实验室 上海市司法鉴定专业技术服务平台 司法部司法鉴定重点实验室，上海 200063； 3.复旦大学附属闵行医院，上海201199； 4.内蒙古医科大学 法医学教研室，内蒙古 呼和浩特010030
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-20 出版日期:2023-05-15 发布日期:2023-05-16
  • 通讯作者: 杜志淳（1954—），男，教授，博士研究生导师，主要从事司法鉴定制度与管理、司法制度研究。E-mail：duzhichun@ecupledu.cn
  • 作者简介:杨子豪（1993—），男，博士研究生，主要从事法医遗传学研究。E-mail：18955299399@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    上海市法医学重点实验室资助项目（21DZ2270800）；上海市司法鉴定专业技术服务平台资助项目。

Advances in Forensic Research on the Extraction and Analysis of DNA from Skeletal Specimens

YANG Zihao1,2, XIA Ruocheng2, WANG Sixian3, et al   

  1. 1. Criminal Justice College, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200042, China; 2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China; 3. Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; 4. Department of Forensic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China
  • Received:2023-03-20 Published:2023-05-15 Online:2023-05-16

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摘要： 骨骼DNA提取与检测是大规模灾难受害者、失踪人员以及刑事案件法医DNA鉴定过程的重要组成部分。骨骼的部位、类型以及温度、湿度、微生物、酸碱度等因素都会影响骨骼中DNA的“质”和“量”，从而影响检测的准确性。随着科技的发展，短串联重复序列基因座、DNA检测试剂盒以及单核苷酸多态性技术、线粒体DNA检测技术不断进步，提高了骨骼DNA的提取与检测的成功率。因此，了解影响DNA提取与检测的骨骼类型以及环境因素，选取适当的检测方法和手段显得尤为重要，通过重点综述影响骨骼DNA 质量的环境因素以及骨骼DNA提取与检测手段的研究进展，以期为法医学领域使用骨骼作为检材时遇到的问题提供指导。

关键词: 法医遗传学, 个人识别, 骨骼DNA提取, DNA检测

Abstract: The extraction and detection of DNA from skeletal remains are important components of the forensic DNA identification process for mass disaster victims, missing persons, and criminal cases. The quality and quantity of DNA in skeletal remains can be influenced by the location and type of bones, as well as factors such as temperature, humidity, microbes, and pH. With the improvements in STR loci, DNA detection kits, SNP technology, and mitochondrial DNA detection techniques, the success rate of extracting and detecting DNA from skeletal remains has increased. It is essential to understand the environmental factors that affect DNA extraction and detection from skeletal remains and to select appropriate detection methods. This article reviewed the research progress in environmental factors that affect the quality of DNA in skeletal remains and the methods of DNA extraction and detection, hoping to provide guidance and insights for the forensic practice when using skeletal remains as evidence.

Key words: forensic genetics, individual identification, skeletal DNA extraction, DNA detection

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