Abstract: At present, paternity test technology is relatively mature, but there are still risks in forensic expertise. The paper made statistical analysis of the appraisal institutions and appraisers engaged in paternity test in Shandong Province. We discussed issues including the acceptance of entrustment, consulation work before acceptance, some special cases, the implementation of laboratory certification and accreditation, and personnel capacity improvement,in order to emphasize the importance of preventing risks in forensic paternity test for appraisers. In Shandong Province, there are more paternity appraisal institutions whose main body are enterprises than those whose main body are hospitals and universities. Some of appraisers have part-time jobs in several other appraisal fields. In the process of accepting the cases, appraisal institutions and appraisers should assess potential risks in advance, and conduct appraisal according to the laws and regulations strictly. At the same time, forensic appraisers should conduct relevant scientific researches and communications, improve their professional ability, so as to ensure the accuracy of appraisal results and let science and technology speak for justice.

Key words: paternity test, professional ability, risk of forensic appraisal, short tandem repeat

摘要： 目前亲权鉴定技术比较成熟，但在鉴定过程中仍存在风险。通过统计分析山东省从事亲权鉴定的司法鉴定机构和司法鉴定人状况，从亲权鉴定受理委托主体、受理前咨询工作、部分鉴定案例分析、实验室认证认可工作的实施以及人员能力提升等方面进行分析，旨在强调司法鉴定人的专业能力对防范亲权鉴定风险的重要性。在山东省，以企业为主体的亲权鉴定机构多于以医院、高校等单位为主体的鉴定机构；部分司法鉴定人存在兼职多项其他鉴定领域业务的情况。在案件受理过程中，司法鉴定机构和司法鉴定人应进行鉴定前风险评估，从而规避风险、依法依规鉴定。同时，司法鉴定人应当进行相关的专业培训，从而提高自身的专业能力，保障鉴定结果的准确性，让科技证据为正义说话。

关键词: 亲权鉴定, 专业能力, 司法鉴定风险, 短串联重复序列