Abstract:

Cannabis sativa (C. Sativa) is an annual dioecious herbaceous plant in the Cannabis of Cannabinaceae and contains tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a highly addictive and narcotic hallucinogenic ingredient. C. Sativa is inexpensive and easy to obtain, and affected by the legalization in some countries and regions of the word, it has become one of the most widely abused drugs. Therefore, rapid and accurate judicial identification of C. Sativa is of great significance for combating drug crimes and maintaining social stability. In recent years, the identification of C. Sativa based on DNA genetic markers provides new technical approaches for judicial case detection, this paper reviews the studies of genetic markers (including Sequence-Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR), DNA Barcoding, Short Tandem Repeat (STR) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of C. Sativa reported in recent years, aiming to provide theoretical basis for the research and application of species identification, individual identification and source inference of C. Sativa in forensic science.

Key words:

forensic medicine, Cannabis sativa L., Sequence-Characterized Amplified Region（SCAR）, DNA barcoding, Short Tandem Repeat （STR）, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism （SNP）

摘要：

大麻是大麻科大麻属一年生雌雄异株的草本植物，其内含有具有强烈成瘾性和麻醉性的四氢大麻酚（THC）。大麻价格低廉、获取方便、且受到一些国家和地区合法化的影响，目前已成为滥用最广泛的毒品之一。因此，大麻植株的鉴定对于打击毒品犯罪、维护社会稳定具有重要意义。近年来，基于DNA遗传标记的大麻鉴定为案件侦破提供了新的技术手段，针对已报道的大麻遗传标记，如序列特异性扩增区（Sequence-Characterized Amplified Region，SCAR）、DNA条形码（DNA Barcoding）、短串联重复序列（Short Tandem Repeats，STR）和单核苷酸多态性（Single Nucleotide Polymorphism，SNP）及其应用进行综述，旨在为司法鉴定和法庭科学中大麻的种属鉴定、个体识别及来源地推断等应用提供理论依据。

关键词:

法医学, 大麻, 序列特异性扩增区（SCAR）, DNA条形码, 短串联重复序列（STR）, 单核苷酸多态性（SNP）