LI Kan, JIN Hao, HAN Xing, HE Meixin, DU Mingluo. Discussion and Prospect of the Application of Sewage Analysis Method in Illicit Drugs Monitoring[J]. Chinese Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2024(5): 59-67.
[ 1 ]DAUGHTON C G. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment:Overarching issues and overview[M]. Washington,D.C.,USA: American Chemical Society,2001.
[ 2 ]ZUCCATO E,CHIABRANDO C,CASTIGLIONI S, et al. Cocaine in surface waters:A new evidence-based tool to monitor community drug abuse[J]. Environmental Health,2005,4: 1-7.
[ 3 ]CASTIGLIONI S,BIJLSMA L,COVACI A,et al. Evaluation of uncertainties associated with the determination of community drug use through the measurement of sewage drug biomarkers[J]. Environmental Science & Techno- logy,2013,47(3): 1452-1460.
[ 4 ]THOMAS K V,BIJLSMA L,CASTIGLIONI S,et al. Comparing illicit drug use in 19 European cities through sewage analysis[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2012,432: 432-439.
[ 5 ]LAI F Y,BRUNO R,LEUNG H W,et al. Estimating daily and diurnal variations of illicit drug use in Hong Kong:A pilot study of using wastewater analysis in an Asian metropolitan city[J]. Forensic Science International,2013,233(1/2/3): 126-132.
[ 6 ]KHAN U,VAN NUIJS A L,LI J,et al. Application of a sewage-based approach to assess the use of ten illicit drugs in four Chinese megacities[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014,487: 710-721.
[ 7 ]DU P,LI K Y,LI J,et al. Methamphetamine and ketamine use in major Chinese cities,a nationwide reconnaissance through sewage-based epidemiology[J]. Water Research,2015,84: 76-84.
[ 8 ]DU P,ZHOU Z L,BAI Y,et al. Estimating heroin abuse in major Chinese cities through wastewater-based epidemiology[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,605-606: 158-165.
[ 9 ]ZUCCATO E,GRACIA-LOR E,ROUSIS N I,et al. Illicit drug consumption in school populations measured by wastewater analysis[J]. Drug and Alcohol Dependence,2017,178: 285-290.
[10]郑晓雨,杨虹贤,闻武,等. 污水流行病学在毒情监测中的不确定性——以甲基苯丙胺为例[J]. 环境化学,2024,43(7):2260-2268.
[11]侯臣之,花镇东,徐鹏,等. 基于污水分析法的毒情评估研究及应用进展[J]. 中国药科大学学报,2018,49(4): 502-508.
[12]HUIZER M,TER LAAK T L,DE VOOGT P,et al. Wastewater-based epidemiology for illicit drugs: A critical review on global data[J]. Water Research,2021,207: 117789.
[13]郑晓雨,袁明俊,王德高,等. 基于污水流行病学的毒情研判技术研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报,2020,15(4): 79-87.
[14]ORT C,LAWRENCE M G,REUNGOAT J,et al. Sampling for PPCPs in wastewater systems:Comparison of different sampling modes and optimization strategies[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2010,44(16): 6289-6296.
[15]邓小龙,徐大江,芦俊,等. 基于物联网的污染源监控预警系统[J]. 给水排水,2020,56(9): 123-126.
[16]郁建桥,胡伟,钱新,等. 化工园区环境监控预警系统构建探讨[J]. 环境监控与预警,2016,8(3): 6-9.
[17]李强. 中小流域环境监测预警系统设计研究[J]. 河北环境工程学院学报,2022,32(4): 85-89.
[18]THAI P K,JIANG G,GERNJAK W,et al. Effects of sewer conditions on the degradation of selected illicit drug residues in wastewater[J]. Water Research,2014,48: 538-547.
[19]GAO J,BANKS A,LI J,et al. Evaluation of in-sewer transformation of selected illicit drugs and pharmaceutical biomarkers[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,609: 1172-1181.
[20]LI J,GAO J,THAI P K,et al. Experimental investigation and modeling of the transformation of illicit drugs in a pilot-scale sewer system[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2019,53(8): 4556-4565.
[21]BAKER D R,BARRON L,KASPRZYK-HORDERN B. Illicit and pharmaceutical drug consumption estimated via wastewater analysis. Part A: Chemical analysis and drug use estimates[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014,487: 629-641.
[22]MCCALL A K,BADE R,KINYUA J,et al. Critical review on the stability of illicit drugs in sewers and wastewater samples [J]. Water Research,2016,88: 933-947.
[23]VAN NUIJS A L,ABDELLATI K,BERVOETS L,et al. The stability of illicit drugs and metabolites in wastewater,an important issue for sewage epidemiology?[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,239: 19-23.
[24]BAKER D R,KASPRZYK-HORDERN B. Multi-residue analysis of drugs of abuse in wastewater and surface water by solid-phase extraction and liquid chroma-tography-positive electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2011,1218(12): 1620-1631.
[25]VAZQUEZ-ROIG P,ANDREU V,BLASCO C,et al. SPE and LC-MS/MS determination of 14 illicit drugs in surface waters from the Natural Park of L’Albufera (València,Spain)[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2010,397(7): 2851-2864.
[26]POSTIGO C,LOPEZ DE ALDA M J,BARCEL D. Fully automated determination in the Low Nanogram per liter level of different classes of drugs of abuse in sewage water by on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chroma-tography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Analytical Chemistry,2008,80(9): 3123-3134.
[27]RAMÍREZ F M D M,VAN DURME F,WILLE S M,et al. Validation of an automated solid-phase extraction method for the analysis of 23 opioids,cocaine,and metabolites in urine with ultra-performance liquid chro-matography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Analytical Toxicology,2014,38(5): 280-288.
[28]DOWLING G,REGAN L. A new mixed mode solid phase extraction strategy for opioids,cocaines,amphetamines and adulterants in human blood with hybrid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2011,54(5): 1136-1145.
[29]HEJABRI K S,AMINI S,EBRAHIMZADEH H. Simultaneous trace-level monitoring of seven opioid analgesic drugs in biological samples by pipette-tip micro solid phase extraction based on PVA-PAA/CNT-CNC composite nanofibers followed by HPLC-UV analysis[J]. Microchimica Acta,2021,188: 1-10.
[30]ASIMAKOPOULOS A G,KANNAN P,HIGGINS S, et al. Determination of 89 drugs and other micropollutants in unfiltered wastewater and freshwater by LC-MS/MS:An alternative sample preparation approach[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2017,409: 6205-6225.
[31]REN H,YUAN S,ZHENG J M,et al. Direct injection ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the high-throughput determination of 11 illicit drugs and metabolites in wastewater[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2022,1685: 463587.
[32]任航,张素静,赵云丽,等. 基于微体积直接进样UPLC-MS/MS技术筛选污水中50种新污染物[J]. 质谱学报,2023,44(2): 286-298.
[33]KANG M Q,LIAN R,ZHANG X Y,et al. Rapid and on-site detection of multiple fentanyl compounds by dual-ion trap miniature mass spectrometry system[J]. Talanta,2020,217: 121057.
[34]LI L F,ZHANG T Y,WANG D T,et al. Portable digital linear ion trap mass spectrometer based on separate-region corona discharge ionization source for on-site rapid detection of illegal drugs[J]. Molecules,2022,27(11): 3506.
[35]WANG W M,XU F X,JIN L Y,et al. Rapid identification of illegal drugs and explosives using resonance excitation in miniaturized photoionization ion trap mass spectrometry[J]. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry,2021,467: 116625.
[36]CASTRIGNAN E,YANG Z,BADE R,et al. Enantiomeric profiling of chiral illicit drugs in a pan-European study[J]. Water Research,2018,130: 151-160.
[37]GAO J F,XU Z Q,LI X Q,et al. Enantiomeric profiling of amphetamine and methamphetamine in wastewater: A 7-year study in regional and urban Queensland,Australia[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,643: 827-834.
[38]ROHRIG T P,MOORE C. The determination of morphine in urine and oral fluid following ingestion of poppy seeds[J]. Journal of Analytical Toxicology,2003,27(7): 449-452.
[39]KHAN U,NICELL J A. Sewer epidemiology mass balances for assessing the illicit use of methamphetamine,amphetamine and tetrahydrocannabinol[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2012,421-422: 144-162.
[40]INOUE T,SUZUKI S. The metabolism of dimethylamphetamine in rat and man[J]. Xenobiotica,1987,17(8): 965-971.
[41]AZZARO A J,ZIEMNIAK J,KEMPER E,et al. Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of selegiline following treatment of healthy subjects with the selegiline transdermal system (6 mg/24 h):A comparison with oral selegiline capsules[J]. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology,2007,47(10): 1256-1267.
[42]INOUE T,SUZUKI S. The metabolism of 1-phenyl-2-(N-methyl-N-benzylamino) propane (benzphetamine) and 1-phenyl-2-(N-methyl-N-furfurylamino) propane (furfenorex) in man[J]. Xenobiotica,1986,16(7): 691-698.
[43]CODY J T,VALTIER S. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of cIobenzorex[J]. Journal of Analytical Toxicology,1999,23(7): 603-608.
[44]FORMAN S A,WARNER D S. Clinical and molecular pharmacology of etomidate[J]. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists,2011,114(3): 695-707.
[45]ZUCCATO E,CHIABRANDO C,CASTIGLIONI S, et al. Estimating community drug abuse by wastewater analysis[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2008,116(8): 1027-1032.
[46]GRACIA-LOR E,ZUCCATO E,CASTIGLIONI S. Refining correction factors for back-calculation of illicit drug use[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2016,573: 1648-1659.
[47]CASTIGLIONI S,BAGNATI R,MELIS M,et al. Identification of cocaine and its metabolites in urban wastewater and comparison with the human excretion profile in urine[J]. Water Research,2011,45(16): 5141-5150.
[48]DEVAULT D A,MAGUET H,MERLE S,et al. Wastewater-based epidemiology in low Human Development Index states:Bias in consumption monitoring of illicit drugs[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(28): 27819-27838.
[49]BRUNETTI P,LO FARO A F,DI TRANA A,et al. β′-Phenylfentanyl metabolism in primary human hepatocyte incubations: Identification of potential biomarkers of exposure in clinical and forensic toxicology[J]. Journal of Analytical Toxicology,2022,46(9): e207-e217.
[50]LEE K Z H,WANG Z,FONG C Y,et al. Identification of optimal urinary biomarkers of synthetic cannabinoids BZO-HEXOXIZID,BZO-POXIZID,5F-BZO-POXIZID,and BZO-CHMOXIZID for illicit abuse monitoring[J]. Clinical Chemistry,2022,68(11): 1436-1448.
[51]PIECHOTA P,CRONIN M T,HEWITT M,et al. Pragmatic approaches to using computational methods to predict xenobiotic metabolism[J]. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,2013,53(6): 1282-1293.
[52]ANDRÉS-COSTA M J,ANDREU V,PICÓ Y. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as a tool for wastewater-based epidemiology:Assessing new psychoactive substances and other human biomarkers[J]. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2017,94: 21-38.
[53]CHENG F X,LI W H,LIU G X,et al. In silico ADMET prediction:Recent advances,current challenges and future trends[J]. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry,2013,13(11): 1273-1289.
[54]DAINA A,MICHIELIN O,ZOETE V. SwissADME:A free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics,drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules[J]. Scientific Reports,2017,7(1): 42717.
[55]ZARETZKI J,MATLOCK M,SWAMIDASS S J. Xeno-Site:Accurately predicting CYP-mediated sites of metabolism with neural networks[J]. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,2013,53(12): 3373-3383.
[56]BAZ-LOMBA J A,DI RUSCIO F,AMADOR A,et al. Assessing alternative population size proxies in a wastewater catchment area using mobile device data[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2019,53(4): 1994-2001.
[57]YU H,SHAO X T,LIU S Y,et al. Estimating dynamic population served by wastewater treatment plants using location-based services data[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2021,43(11): 4627-4635.
[58]HOU C Z,HUA Z D,XU P,et al. Estimating the prevalence of hepatitis B by wastewater-based epidemiology in 19 cities in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2020,740: 139696.
[59]RICO M,ANDRÉS-COSTA M J,PICÓ Y. Estimating population size in wastewater-based epidemiology. Valencia metropolitan area as a case study[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,323: 156-165.
[60]SENTA I,GRACIA-LOR E,BORSOTTI A,et al. Wastewater analysis to monitor use of caffeine and nicotine and evaluation of their metabolites as biomarkers for population size assessment[J]. Water Research,2015,74: 23-33.