Abstract: In China, there are still cognitive biases on non-determinative handwriting apppraisal opinions, including negating their scientific integrity, attributing insufficient professional competence to the appraisers, and locating the reference function of the opinion, which leads to multifaceted conflicts, mostly between appraisal standards and judicial rules and those of perception within the judiciary. The causes of these biases stem from both misconceptions about the appraisers themselves and resistance to the inherent nature of non-determinative opinions. Some foreign countries have initially constructed handwriting opinion expression systems based on the logical basis of non-certainty, and they have also experienced the understanding of the differences that we face today. By analyzing the construction process of their handwriting opinion expression systems, we can get reference to develop a more scientific handwriting opinion expression system.Based on the above analyses, this paper proposes to adjust the expression system of handwriting opinions to adapt to reality in our country, focusing on clarifying the status of evidence, adjusting the elements of the expert opinions, and improving the technical standards, through the integration of technical and legal perspectives.

Key words: handwriting appraisal, appraisal opinion, non-determinative appraisal opinion

摘要： 我国对非确定性笔迹鉴定意见仍存在否定意见科学品格、归因主体专业能力、定位意见参考功能等方面认识偏见并引发多层面冲突，主要表现为：鉴定标准与司法规则的冲突、司法部门内部的认识冲突。我国对非确定性笔迹鉴定意见偏见产生原因，既有对鉴定主体的认识误区，也有对非确定性意见本身的抗拒。域外已经初步构建了以非确定性为逻辑基础的笔迹鉴定意见表述体系，当前我国所面临的认识分歧，域外也曾经历过，通过对域外笔迹鉴定意见表述体系构建历程的分析，可以为我国构建更具科学性的笔迹鉴定意见表述体系提供借鉴。在上述分析基础上提出应运用技术加法律的思维，从明确证据地位、对鉴定意见书作要素调整、完善技术标准等方面推动我国笔迹鉴定意见表述体系作适应性调整。

关键词: 笔迹鉴定, 鉴定意见, 非确定性鉴定意见