Abstract: Forensic pathology is a crucial component of judicial expertise practice, and the forensic pathology proficiency testing programme is one of the key links to guarantee the quality of forensic pathology identification. This paper systematically reviews the forensic pathology proficiency testing programmes carried out by the Academy of Forensic Science over the past 20 years. Quantitative analysis of the verification of forensic pathology proficiency was carried out with detailed data, and the regional differences of forensic pathology identification capabilities were accurately presented, revealing the correlation between forensic pathology identification capability and regional development, institutional nature and other factors. It provides a powerful data-driven reference for the high-quality management of forensic pathology system in China, the standardized development of forensic expertise industry and the continuous improvement of institutional quality and capabilities forensic institutions.

Key words:  forensic pathology, forensic appraisal, proficiency testing （PT）, retrospective analysis

摘要： 法医病理学是司法鉴定实践的重要组成部分，法医病理能力验证计划是保障法医病理司法鉴定质量的关键环节之一。系统回顾司法鉴定科学研究院20年来开展的法医病理能力验证计划情况，通过详实的数据对法医病理能力验证情况进行量化分析，精准呈现不同地区法医病理鉴定能力的差异，揭示法医病理鉴定能力与地区发展、机构性质等因素的相关性，为我国法医病理学司法鉴定体系的高质量管理、司法鉴定行业的规范化发展以及鉴定机构质量和能力的持续改进提供基于数据驱动的参考。

关键词:  , 法医病理学；司法鉴定；能力验证；回顾性分析