Abstract: The judicial appraisal admission system in China has gone through a change from dispersal management to consolidated management. However, it has the following shortcomings,such as vague and ambiguous approval conditions, low standards for admission, and overly flexible reviews that lack comprehensive verification of professional knowledge and practical skills, leading to a “lifetime” qualification of appraisals. Additionally, the selection and appointment system operates under a dual model with unclear application and lax enforcement. Assessment and continuing education are superficial, lacking mandatory measures and evaluation mechanism, which fail to create effective constraints. While the administrative-led management system ensures efficient organization and unified standards, it may compromise the independence and neutrality of appraisers. Based on international experiences, the judicial appraisal admission system in China can follow the following paths: (1) unifying the qualification review and selection procedures for appraisers with strict, detailed, and reasonable standards; (2) establishing a comprehensive and scientific qualification assessment system and integrating technical standards into the education system to elevate the professional level of appraisers from the outset; (3) accelerating the establishment of a national forensic appraisal association to leverage its role in qualification review, quality assessment, and industry self-regulation; (4) clarifying the scope of practice and practice standards for appraisers to prevent non-standard behavior; and (5) expediting the legislative process for forensic appraisal to improve relevant laws and regulations, thereby building a systematic and complete access system that promotes the professionalization, standardization, and legalization of the forensic appraisal industry in China.

Key words: forensic appraisal, legislation, subject of appraisal, qualification admission

摘要： 目前，我国司法鉴定主体资格准入制度经历了从分散管理向统一管理体制的转变，但实践中仍存在以下不足之处：在主体资格方面，审批条件表述笼统含糊、准入门槛过低、审核弹性大，缺乏对专业知识和实践能力的综合确认，导致鉴定人资格 “终身制”；选任制度上二元模式用语不清、执行不力；考核与继续教育流于形式，且无强制性措施与评价机制，未能形成有效约束；管理体制方面，采用行政主导模式虽能保证高效组织和标准统一，但鉴定主体独立性和中立性易受影响。在总结域外经验基础上，我国司法鉴定主体资格准入制度构建可遵循以下路径：一是，统一司法鉴定人的资格审查与选任程序，制定严格、细致且合理的标准；二是，建立全面、科学的任职资格考评体系和技术标准，并将其融入教育体系，从源头上提升鉴定人的专业水准；三是，加快推进全国性司法鉴定协会的建立，充分发挥其在资质审核、质量评估、行业自律等方面的作用；四是，明确鉴定人业务范围和执业准则，防止不规范执业行为；五是，加快司法鉴定立法进程，构建系统完备的准入制度体系，推动我国司法鉴定行业专业化、规范化、法治化。

关键词: 司法鉴定, 立法, 鉴定主体, 资格准入