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2003 Issue 02 (Total No. )
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Study on the Preparation of Morphine byHydrolysis of Heroin SUN Wei;ZHANG Da-ming;SONG Chao-jin;WANGCong-hui(. Chinese People's Public Security University;.Forensic Medical Examination Center of Beijing PublicSecurity Bureau)[ 2003(02): 21-24.  Abstract ( )   IRMS is one of the three major methods identifyingthe origin of the seized heroin. Using the approach, two factorsshould be considered respectively for the deduction of heroin'sorigin, i.e. the origin of morphine and the origin of acetylatingagent. How to obtain morphine pure enough for GC-C-IRMSanalysis from the seized heroin was investigated. Two waysto get the precursor of heroin—morphine, i.e. acid and alkalihydrolysis of heroin were proposed and their reaction conditionfor the hydrolysis was studied by orthogonal design. Theyield was over 90%, and the purity was over 95%. The optimalcombination of the reaction parameters was given for the firsttime, which are temperature 100℃,duration 30min, molarratio 1:3.0 for heroin (including heroin hydrochloride and freebase) versus HCl; or temperature 100℃,duration 45min,molar ratio 1:4.4 for heroin hydrochloride versus KOH, 1:3.4for free base. Moreover, using calibration curves of morphinefor GC and GC/MS, the response values of GC and GC/MSfor morphine were compared with that for TMS derivative ofmorphine.[ Related Articles | Metrics

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Graduation of Eye Injuries and Forensic Medi-cal Examination XIA Wen-tao;YU Hong-wei;LIU Rui-jue;LIU Li (.Instituteof Forensic Science;Ministry of Justice;.People;s抯Procuratorate of Shanghai;.Medical College of Jilin University.) 2003(02): 25-27.  Abstract ( )   There are many items involving graduation of eyeinjuries in the current criteria of human body injuries and in theassessment for body impairment of the injured in road trafficaccident. Because the criteria and the assessment mentioned abovelack definite reference guidelines, there are many difficulties in thepractice of forensic identification. In the article, we suggest that thegraduation of eye injury proposed by clinical experts be appliedin the practice of identification and assessment.[ Related Articles | Metrics