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2001 Issue 03 (Total No. )
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The Metabolism of Midazolam in Human Bodies SHEN Bao-hua;SHEN Min;ZHUO Xian-yi;et al. (Institute of Forensic Sciences;Ministry of Justice) 2001(03): 19-23.  Abstract ( )   A model of midazolam metabolism in vitro was developed with rat liver microsomal (P450) incubation. The structure of main midazolam metabolites in vivo was determined. Purer midazolam metabolite (α -OH midazolam) was obtained by optimization of incubation conditions. The process of metabolism and excretion of midazolam and α -OH midazolam was studied with volunteers taking a single oral dose. A simple and sensitive detection method was established. The testing limit was prolonged to 48 hours from 6 by assaying α -OH midazolam instead of midazolam, in individuals receiving midazolam. The technique can be used to provide evidence for criminal cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Expression and Application of bFGF and its Receptor following Brain Injuries HUANG Dai-xin;WU Mei-jun;CHEN Yu-bo (Huaxi College of Forensic Medicine;Sichuan University) 2001(03): 24-27.  Abstract ( )   Bfgfis a pluripotent peptide growth factor with neurotrophic effects and wound repairing functions. The study showed that gene expressions of bFGF and its receptor were induced by brain injuries, indicating that the bFGF contributes to the process of nerve cell survival and repair of damaged neural tissues after CNS injury. The patterns of bFGF and its receptor change level were quite regular, suggesting the potential for timing of injuries in the forensic aspect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Examination of Post-Transfusion Hepatitis DAI Zhao-jun;WU Jun (. Shanghai Huadong Hospital;. Institute of Forensic Sciences;Ministry of Justice) 2001(03): 28-31.  Abstract ( )   This article summarized influential factors and changes of virus of post-transfusion hepatitis in recent years. In order to avoid post-transfusion hepatitis, the implementing voluntary blood donation, the strict blood screening on donor, standardized blood products, tightened control on indication of use of blood were the key measures, and compulsory in accordance with laws and regulations. The patient and his or hers relatives had the rights to be carefully told and understood about the rare complication of hepatitis to recipients via blood, and finally, should signed in an agreement paper before blood transfusion. Main evidences in Medical legal identification of post-transfusion hepatitis were also proposed according to updated laws and regulations, which were emphasized in respective duties of every blood transfusion related departments. Related Articles | Metrics

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New Methods of Identifying Illicit Heroin Origins SUN Wei;ZHANG Da-ming;WANG Cong-hui (. Chinese People's Public Security University;. Narcotics Control Center;Beijing Bureau of Public Security;. Institute of Forensic Science;Ministry of Dublic Security) 2001(03): 32-35.  Abstract ( )   It is crucial to determine the origins of illicit drugs in the fight against drug crimes. In China the most consumed illegal drug is heroin, hence the identification of its origins is of major interest. Three approaches currently used abroad to trace the origins are introduced, i.e. the impurities profiling, trace-elemental fingerprinting, and stable isotope ratio technique. The last has ability to distinguish different geographic provenance of opium crops, therefore it has prominent advantage in origin analysis. Gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) has been proved to be one of the best methods in the isotope ratio measurement at present. It can also be applied to the identification of sources of other kinds of trace evidence, such as explosives, medicine and oil. This technique possesses great potential in the field of forensic science. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Analysis of Sequencing Methods of Crossed Writings and Seal Stamps LIU Jian-wei;LI Shu-yan (. Department of Forensic Science;Beijing Supreme People's Court;. Chaoyang Branch of Beijing Public Security Bureau) 2001(03): 36-38.  Abstract ( )   Determining sequences of crossed writings and seal stamps is always a difficult problem in the field of questioned document examination. In order to find out the most applicable ways in different conditions, six sequencing methods available are reviewed and compared. Conclusions are illustrated by five cases.. Related Articles | Metrics

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AIDS in Forensic Medicine CHEN Guang-hua;WANG Chang-yu;LONG Chun-fu (Shenyang intermediate People's Court) 2001(03): 39-41.  Abstract ( )   AIDS is a very familiar term to everyone of us, but in real life it appears so far away that we hardly realize its existence. I had once anatomized a homosexual corpse, with no protection precaution. I was scared after the event after checking AIDS-related references. At abroad, meticulous measures are imposed in the postmortem of homosexuals for the safety of examiners because the rate of AIDS infection is high among homosexual people. However in China, the protective knowledge of AIDS is very poor. It is urgent to evoke awareness of the danger of AIDS infection for forensic medical examiners and establish self-protection consciousness. At the same time, actions should be taken by the government to make detailed effective regulations in this area. Related Articles | Metrics

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Distinguishing between the Identification of Body Injury Degree and Evaluation of Body Impairment Class ZHAO Cheng-jun;ZHAO Jun (The People's Procuratorate of Danjiangkou City) 2001(03): 42-43.  Abstract ( )   In judicial practice, some people only have a vague idea about the differences between the identification of body injury degree and evaluation of body impairment class. We analyzed and summarized the two concepts and discussed the application of law. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstitute the Medicolegal Expertise System of Court MA Zi-he;YANG Shi-wen (. Enshi Autonomy Prefecture intermediate Court;. Lichuan Justice Bureau) 2001(03): 44-47.  Abstract ( )   By comparing the medicolegal expertise system of China with that of foreign countries, the author discussed the current situation and main problems of our system and analyzed the cause of formation. From the point of evidence character of forensic identification conclusion and the present situation and its causes of our system, the author reasoned that the medicolegal expertise system of court must be reconstituted and made suggestions about the reform of forensic identification institutional system, expert witness system and the acceptance of forensic identification conclusions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Consideration on Reforming and Perfecting Medicole-gal Expertise System and Problems of implementing the 120th Provision of New Criminal Procedure Law GUO Chang-ming (The People's Procuratorate of Xiamen City) 2001(03): 48-51.  Abstract ( )   Forensic expertise plays an important role in guaranteeing judicial justice. Medicolegal expertise is a constituent part of forensic expertise, of which the body injury examination is often sources of disputes; there have long been calls to reform and perfect the medi-colegal expertise system. The main problems of the present medicole-gal expertise system are as follows:1. Legislative rules are inexplicit and regulations of forensic expertise are incomplete. 2. The setup of forensic medical institutions is in anarchy and their responsibilities are not clear. 3. The procedure of body injury examination is in disorder. 4. The criterion for body injury classification is not normalized; 5. There is no clear definition about the scope of cases that different institutions can accept and no grade ratings of examination results. 6. Re-examination can not be implemented easily. 7. There is no authoritative institution endowed with ultimate re-examination power. With problems above, rules and regulations should be enacted, clarifying examiners' right and duty, distinguishing responsibilities, defining scopes of acceptable cases of different institutions, standardizing examination procedures. It is also recommended that working committees of forensic expertise, specifically committees of medicolegal expertise be founded to manage and coordinate forensic examination activities. After discussion of the 120th Provision of New Criminal Procedure Law, the author suggests that "the centralized system" and "the binary system" both have their shortcomings, that "the plural open system " be preferable. Related Articles | Metrics

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Primary Discussions on the Principles and Contents of Producing Evidence of Judicial Accounting in Courts MA Ying-xiong (The People's Procuratorate of Shifeng District of Zhuzhou City) 2001(03): 52-53.  Abstract ( )   Expert testimony of judicial accounting can release procurators of burden of professional problems and play an important role in helping courts decide on verdicts. In court, expert witness must stick to the principles and grasp the critical contents of producing evidence in order to get the best results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Thoughts on "Can Judicial Accounting Evaluation Answer Legal Questions? HE Yi-di (The People's Procuratorate of Shizhu County) 2001(03): 54-55.  Abstract ( )   The conclusion of judicial accounting evaluation is a kind of statutory evidence. There exist significant differences between judicial accounting evaluation and ordinary inspection of books and auditing reports. As examiners of judicial accounting have a comprehensive knowledge of the development of the case examined, their conclusion should not avoid nor exclude legal questions. On the other hand, as examiners are not granted rights to make decisions on the nature of the case and the evaluation is in essence a process of scientific activities, the conclusion of judicial accounting can only answer limited legal questions pertinent to the evaluation. Related Articles | Metrics