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2010 Issue 5 (Total No. 0)
Published: 15 September 2010 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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On the Essence of the “Two Combined” Forensic Management Pattern HU Xi-qing, ZHU Chun-liang 2010(5): 1-7.  Abstract ( )   PDF (930KB) ( )   The essence of “Two Combined” forensic management，namely combine the administrative management and sectirial management together， is discussed in this article. It is helpful to have a better understanding of its meaning， and establish a reasonable relationship between administrative organs and associations. It is necessary to improve the management pattern so as to promote the development of forensic science. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dualism or Monism： the Mode for the Identification of Medical Disputes #br# GUO Hua 2010(5): 8-15.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1292KB) ( )   Medical （malpractices） disputes can be settled by applying different laws， owing to the dualistic modes of identification—the technical identification of medical malpractices， and the forensic appraisal; the result of a medical dispute， especially the amount of compensation， is likely to vary enormously in spite of the same facts. It is rather controversial whether the dualistic modes of identification will be terminated after the implementation of the Tort Liability Law， and whether the application of law will be unified by revising contradictory stipulations， interpretations and answers. As technical identification of medical malpractices and forensic appraisal have identical nature of evidence， it is necessary to view the technical “identification” of medical malpractices as an administrative procedure and further establish an identification mechanism for the settlement of medical disputes， for the purpose of demonstrating that the identification functions are merely the “ascertainment” of evidence and achieving the basic goal of sharing medical risks and balancing relevant interests. Related Articles | Metrics

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Improving the Judicial Appraisal System —from the Aspect of the Characteristic of Appraiser System in International Criminal Litigation WANG Pei, HAO Yin-zhong 2010(5): 16-21.  Abstract ( )   PDF (927KB) ( )   Forensic Appraiser system has very important theoretical and practical value in international criminal litigation. From the aspect of its history and value， this dissertation focuses on the legal position， right and duty， designation procedure of appraisers， and the adoption of the expert opinion， and studies the characteristic of appraisers in international criminal litigation. In comparison with the appraiser system of our country， the author puts forward with specific suggestions for improving the appraiser system of our country. Related Articles | Metrics

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Several Thoughts on Improving the Court Testimony of Forensic Appraisers in China#br# LIU Jian-wei 2010(5): 22-27.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1008KB) ( )   Court Testimony of Forensic Appraisers plays a significant role in judges’ accepting correct expert opinions and eliminating litigant suspicions regarding expert opinions and improving the appraisal quality. However， in China’s legal practice， it’s seldom for forensic appraisers to be testimonied in court， the reason of which needs to be analyzed carefully， so as to improve this system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of the Finite Element Method in Forensic Traumatology#br# CHEN Yi-jiu, ZOU Dong-hua, SHAO Yu 2010(5): 28-32.  Abstract ( )   PDF (840KB) ( )   The finite element method is a mathematical technique using modern computer technology for stress analysis， and has gradually become an important experimental tool to simulate human body structures in the biomechanical field. It provides effective analysis of physical properties of human structures， such as the response to external impacts and inner dispersion of stress； and shows great value in the research and practice of forensic trauma examination. This paper reviews the studies of the finite element method on mechanism of craniocerebral， vetebral， and pelvic injuries in fall， traffic accidents and firearm cases， and discusses its values in forensic research and examination. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inter-institute Study on Reliability and Validity of the Diminished Criminal Responsibility Rating Scale The Research Team 2010(5): 33-37.  Abstract ( )   PDF (714KB) ( )   Objective To explore the reliability and validity of the Diminished Criminal Responsibility Rating Scale. Methods 7 forensic psychiatry institutes in 4 different provinces were enrolled. Cases with diminished criminal responsibility were collected and reassessed by the Rating Scale， then the results were compared with the original opinions in those institutes. The criminal responsibility was graded into three levels according to the impairment of offenders’ capacity of knowing and controlling. Results 702 cased were included. The criminal responsibility was graded into small partial， partial and big partial. The mean rating scale’s scores of these three groups were 21.32±3.85， 25.91±5.69 and 29.54±5.19， respectively， and the difference was significant. Correlation coefficient between each item and total score was from 0.27 to 0.61. Test-retest reliability was 0.85. Score reliability was from 0.5 to 0.91. 6 factors were extracted by means of the factor analysis， and their cumulative squared loading was 67.26%. 7 items were included in the discriminant. The classification results suggested that 62.3% of original grouped cases were correctly classified. Conclusion The Diminished Criminal Responsibility Rating Scale is well built and has good reliability and validity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Medical Analysis of FTIR Spectral Changes of Rat Spleen Postmortem HUANG Ping, YU Rong-jun, LI Li, KE Yong, FAN Shuang-liang, WANG Zhen-yuan 2010(5): 38-42.  Abstract ( )   PDF (684KB) ( )   Objective To explore chemical changes in the rat spleen postmortem using FTIR spectroscopy and to provide a new method and research data for estimation of postmortem interval. Methods Rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the cadavers were kept at 30℃， 22℃-26℃ and 4℃ in a controlled environment chamber. The spleens were sub-samples at different postmortem time points. All spleen tissues were measured using FTIR spectrometer. Results The absorption peak position showed no changes after death， but absorption intensity displayed obvious changes： （1）the absorption intensity assigned to nucleic acid （1080 cm-1 and 1238 cm-1） showed decreasing tendency； （2）the absorption intensity assigned to amide Ⅱ（1541 cm-1） showed increasing tendency； （3）the absorption intensity assigned to fatty acid （1396 cm-1） increased. （4）the absorption intensity assigned to C-H vibration （2852， 2871， 2923， 2958cm-1） showed increasing tendency. Conclusion FTIR spectroscopy can be an effective method for the estimation of postmortem interval. Related Articles | Metrics

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Animal Classification Using 12S rRNA Gene from Salivary Stain DNA HUANG Ya-lin, 2010(5): 43-48.  Abstract ( )   PDF (522KB) ( )    Objective To identify the genus of animals that are related to cases by analyzing DNA from salivary stain. Methods After isolating DNA from salivary stain of animals， partial mitochondrion DNA of 12S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced. Then the obtained sequence was searched with BLAST in the GenBank database， and the homology analysis was carried out using DNAMAN software. Results The genome DNA was successfully extracted from salivary stain and partial mitochondrion DNA of 12S rRNA gene were amplified. Conclusion The introduced method is applicable for classification of aminals. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Forensic Voice Identification under Different Communication Systems YANG Jun-jie, LI Hong-ming, YUE Wei, HU Yao-min, YANG Yun-sheng, LI Jing-wei, LI Xiao-yong 2010(5): 45-48.  Abstract ( )   PDF (626KB) ( )   Objective To validate the basic premise of voice identification， that is， inter-speaker difference of voice is bigger than intra-speaker variation， under different communication systems. Methods Broad band spectrograms of voices under different communication systems were compared. Results The basic premise of voice identification is valid under different communication systems. Conclusion Knowledge about voice identification under different communication systems was obtained. Related Articles | Metrics

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Examination of Digital Photos using EXIT Information LIU Cai 2010(5): 49-51.  Abstract ( )   PDF (374KB) ( )    Objective To authenticate digital photos by EXIF information. Methods Original data in Exif were examined using relevant softwares. Results If the original data in EXIF were changed， the digital photos had been modified. Conclusion The original data in EXIF can be used to authenticate digital photos. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cutting Marks Made by Hydraulic Cutter and Bolt Cutter XIA Xiao-Ling, LIU Wei-Ping 2010(5): 52-55.  Abstract ( )   PDF (665KB) ( )   Objective To analyze cutting marks made by different types of bolt cutters in order to identify cutting tools. Methods Marks made by hydraulic bolt cutters and normal ones were tested and compared. Results Characteristics of hydraulic bolt cutters are quite different from that of bolt cutters in mechanical features， cutting marks and other aspects. Conclusion In examination of cutting marks， attentions should be paid to the material quality， the diameter and the shape of cross sections. And experimenting is crucial. In this way， the cutting marks analysis can play a big role in providing evidence in criminal investigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation of average mutation rates of routine STR loci in Parentage testing CAI Ying, ZHOU Guang-biao, ZHAO Shu-min, CHEN Wen-wan, CHEN Qis-heng, XU Ru-su, LIANG Xi-yang 2010(5): 56-59.  Abstract ( )   PDF (572KB) ( )   Objective To estimate average mutation rates of routine STR loci in paternal testing of Chinese population by literature analysis. Methods Mutation data was obtained from 15 published papers in China according to a serial of criteria and accumulation in Guangdong Hengzheng Forensic Identification Center. According to the Poisson distribution, mutation data of each STR locus in different region of China were compared and the mutation data of same STR locus from different region of China were combined to calculate the average mutation rate of the STR locus. 95% confidence intervals （95%CI） of the average mutation rates were also determined according to the Poisson distribution. Average mutation rates of each STR locus were compared between Chinese population and American population. Results Average mutation rates of the 17 STR loci including in Identifiler and PowerPlex 16 systems were ranged from 0.0120% to 0.2078%, which was statistically different（P<0.0001）. According to the average mutation rate, accumulated mutation rate of the 17 STR loci was as high as 1.9836% in Chinese population. Conclusion Average mutation rates of the 17 STR loci were obtained by literature analysis, which was useful in CPI calculation of those cases with suspected mutation STR loci. Related Articles | Metrics

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SNP Polymorphism of Alcohol Metabolizing Related Enzyme Genes in East China Han Population ZHAO Zhen-min, LI Li, XIANG Ping, ZHANG Suhua, SHI Yan, SHAO Wei-bo, 2010(5): 60-63.  Abstract ( )   PDF (386KB) ( )   Objective To get the data of allele and genotype frequencies of 40 SNP loci in alcohol dehydrogenase （ADH2， ADH3）， aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 （ALDH2） and CYP2E1 genes. Methods Blood samples from 199 unrelated individuals in east China region were collected and SNPs were genotyped using multiplex PCR and iPLEX chemistry on a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Results Among the 40 SNP loci， MAFs at six SNP loci （rs698， rs2241894 at ADH3 gene， rs13306164， rs671 at ALDH2 gene， rs28371746， rs2515641 at CYP2E1 gene） were above 1%， while the others were below 1%. Conclusion There are six SNP loci （rs698， rs2241894， rs13306164， rs671， rs28371746 and rs2515641） showing polymorphism among the 40 SNP loci in East China Han Population. Key words： ADH； ALDH； CYP2E1； single nucleotide polymorphism； genetic polymorphism Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Medical Analysis on 32 Cases of Ocular Hypertension Induced by Blunt Ocular Injuries  LI Hong-xin 2010(5): 64-66.  Abstract ( )   PDF (434KB) ( )   Criminal Police Team of Huainan Public Security Bureau， Huainan 23２001， China） Abstract： Objective To analyze pathological characters of ocular hypertension induced by blunt ocular injuries and to explore the method of forensic medical identification. Methods 32 cases of ocular hypertension induced by blunt ocular injuries with complete medical records were collected. The ocular hypertension appearing time， duration， degree， main clinical manifestation， clinical treatment and prognosis for vision and visual field were analyzed. Results Clinical situations of ocular hypertension induced by blunt injuries include traumatic iridocyclitis， hyphema， luxation of lens， vitreous hemorrhage， etc. Ocular hypertension induced by Iridocyclitis after ocular injuries often appears shorter duration and lighter degree， usually without serious sequel. Ocular hypertension induced by hyphema， vitreous hemorrhage or luxation of lens usually correlates with damages. Conclusions This study enumerates several key points in identifying ocular hypertension caused by ocular injuries： （1）Ocular hypertension appearing time， duration and pressure degree； （2）Correlative clinical therapy； （3）Prognosis for visual performance including results of visual testing and perimetry； （4）Relationship between the cause of ocular hypertension and trauma. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Marks Involved in Motor Vehicle Collision LI li-li, ZHANG Si-yao, YANG Fei-fei 2010(5): 67-70.  Abstract ( )   PDF (654KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the happening and ways of motor vehicle collisions. Methods Marks involved in motor vehicle collisions were compared and analyzed by trace evidence examination methods. Results Methodologies of mark detection and comparison were summarized. Conclusion Motor vehicle collisions could be identified by examination of vehicle marks， body marks， micro-materials and trace evidence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Digital Techniques in Forensic Biomechanical Analysis of Craniocerebral Injury LIU Ning-guo, CHEN Yi-jiu, ZOU Dong-hua, ZHENG Jian 2010(5): 71-74.  Abstract ( )   PDF (685KB) ( )   Craniocerebral injury Identification is important and tough in forensic medicine practice. There are some deficiencies in traditional biomechanical analysis， such as obsolete methods and ambiguous data. Virtual autopsy and finite element analysis， which are based on imaging examination techniques， show many advantages including noninvasive imaging， sufficient detail and nicety mechanical data. So the introduction of these digital techniques might improve the objectivity of evidence documentation and promote the development of forensic science. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Value of Tone Characteristics in Speech Identification#br# JI Yun-qi 2010(5): 75-78.  Abstract ( )   PDF (575KB) ( )   Under the new situation of both China's rapid economic and social development， as well as with the fight against illegal and criminal activities， speech identification plays an increasingly prominent role in the whole investigation proceedings. In this paper， the Chinese tone characteristics are briefly introduced， and the value of tones in speech identification are explored from two aspects. Firstly， there are significant differences in tone in Chinese dialects. Secondly， through the promotion of mandarin and the investigation of Chinese acquisition of minorities and foreigners， it is found that the characteristics of Chinese Tone are quite stable. Related Articles | Metrics