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2023 Issue 4 (Total No. 129)
Published: 15 July 2023 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Forensic System
Forensic Review
Forensic Science
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Forensic System

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The Path of Procuratorial Supervision on the Identification of Death Cause in the Event of Regulatory Place Death ZHANG Dong, HAN Zhuowei 2023(4): 1-9.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1543KB) ( )   In judicial practice, it is common for relatives of the deceased to “make trouble” after a death event occurs in a regulatory place. From the perspective of procedural law and forensic appraisal, the core problem exposed is that the investigation procedure itself has defects, and the lack of credibility makes the appraisal of death cause unconvincing. At present, the problems in the appraisal of death cause procedure in China include the violation of the principle of avoidance by a regulatory place, the blurred the boundary of the death cause, the late involvement of procuratorial supervision, and the insufficient publicity of the case. With reference to the jury system for judging the death cause in foreign countries, in combination with the Provisions on the Prosecutorial Procedure for the Death of the Supervised Person in Regulatory Places （Draft for Comments） and several existing prosecutorial rules, the supervision path of death events in a regulatory place in China can be improved from the aspects of independent investigation by the procuratorial organ, introduction of people’s supervisors to implement external supervision, and conducting procuratorial hearings. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rethinking and Solution to the Practice of “Substituting Trial by Appraisal” XI Fei 2023(4): 10-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1339KB) ( )   The amended Several Regulations on Evidence in Civil Litigation issued by the Supreme People’s Court in 2019 have not resolved the problem of “substituting trial by appraisal” in judicial practice. The constraints on the behaviors of judges are ignored, and excessive regulations on the behaviors of forensic appraisal institutions and litigants are set. As the dominant person in a lawsuit, a judge’s failure to review the appraisal matters, non-participation in the appraisal process and the focus on the form review of the appraisal opinions are the fundamental reasons causing the result of “substituting trial by appraisal”. The corresponding path and method should be followed by the involvement of judicial power in the appraisal process. To be specific, the identification of the facts should be taken as the center when the appraisal is initiated, and the parties shall undertake the burden of proof of “minimum evidence”, while the judge should accurately position the “specific issues” and determine the appraisal items through “party debate and functional review”. At the time of carrying out the appraisal, it is necessary to control the appraisal materials and the qualifications of appraisers. When reviewing the appraisal opinions, it should be considered whether the appraisal opinions and appraisal items, appraisal materials and appraisal basis, appraisal basis and appraisal reason conform to one another. Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Review

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Research Progress on Speech Production and Speech Perception of Drug Addicts GENG Puyang, YANG Kai, LING Rong, LI Zhijun, LU Qimeng, LI Yan, GUO Hong 2023(4): 19-27.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1074KB) ( )   Speech could not only deliver the information of the speaker?謘s identity, but also reflect the psychological status of the speaker. For forensic voice comparison and psychiatric examination, speech serves as an essential element. Previous studies have revealed that illicit drug use would cause severe damage to human speech organs and cognitive processing mechanisms. Due to those damages, drug addicts might experience disabilities in respiratory rhythms, vocal fold control, and pitch regulation during speech production, as well as in temporal and emotional processing during speech perception. As a result, these disabilities would lead to disorders of speech production and perception in drug addicts, such as vocal hoarseness, pitch dysregulation, and speech illusion. Our paper presents a systematic review of related researches on speech production and perception in drug addicts. Based on previous studies, our paper then proposes directions for future research. This paper aims to provide theoretical foundations and broader perspectives for the comparison of acoustic parameters, the recognition of speaker identity and features in forensic voice comparison, and the evaluation of psychological status and impairment in forensic psychiatric examination. As related research continues to progress, new methods and technologies based on speech will continue to contribute to the practice of forensic voice comparison and psychiatric examination. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Detection Techniques for Aflatoxin in Vivo CHEN Mobing, YAN Hui, LIU Wei 2023(4): 28-37.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1124KB) ( )   Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by strains of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, etc, and are extremely toxic. Acute massive exposure or chronic exposure to aflatoxins can cause great damage to human health. The direct detection of aflatoxins and metabolites in biological matrix can reflect the exposure of human or animals to aflatoxins more accurately. This approach has been applied to the identification of aflatoxins poisoning, assessment of ingestion risk and other fields. This paper presents a brief description of common pretreatments, analytical methods, as well as the poisoning risk assessment, hoping to facilitate aflatoxins analysis in forensic toxicology, which would help to prevent human and animals from the toxic effects of aflatoxins and protect people’s health and property. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of the Evaluation Methods for Fingerprint Evidence: From Experience to Science 2023(4): 38-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (875KB) ( )   The existing evaluation methods for fingerprint evidence mainly rely on the forensic experts’ experience. There is no unified criteria for the appraisal opinion, which leads to frequent false appraisals, and is questioned by experts in related fields. In order to promote the objective evaluation of fingerprint appraisal rather then empirical one, domestic and foreign forensic scientists have been exploring scientific methods for evaluating fingerprint evidence, avoiding the use of absolute expressions such as “identification”, “exclusion”, and “inconclusive” in expert opinions. They have been working on building a scientific evaluation system for fingerprint evidence, spreading ideas and laying a foundation for the scientific evaluation of forensic individual identify evidence, and then promoting the development of fingerprint evidence in evidence admissibility and factual adjudication. Starting from the establishment of fingerprint evidence evaluation methods, this paper analyzed the problems caused by lacking of scientific validity, and expounded constructing the scientific evaluation system for fingerprint evidence based on likelihood ratio model, hoping to provide some reference for establishing a more scienctific evaluation system for fingerprint evidence. Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Science

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Simultaneous Determination of Seventeen Synthetic Cannabinoids in Electronic Tobacco Oil and Cut Tobacco by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry YANG Rongji, GAO Yujie, LIAO Caiyun, YANG Liu, LI Guojuan, XU Buyi 2023(4): 45-51.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (688KB) ( )   Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 17 synthetic cannabinoids based on gas chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS）. Methods The synthetic cannabinoids were separated on an HP-5MS capillary column （30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm） and detected by mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode. Quantification was performed using external calibration curves. Results The calibration curves of 17 synthetic cannabinoids were linear in the range of 20-1 000 ng/mL with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation  were in the range of 4-6 ng/mL and 12-20 ng/mL, respectively. The intra-day precision deviation was less than 5.5 % and the inter-day precision deviation was less than 8.5 %. The recovery rates ranged from 83.2 % to 113.2 % for the solution of electronic cigarette oil, and from 90.2 % to 116.8 % for the tobacco exact. Conclusion The established method is simple, rapid, highly sensitive and accurate for the simultaneous determination of a variety of synthetic cannabinoids. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Analysis of MRI Findings of Mixed Rotator Cuff Tears and Rotator Cuff Lesions LIU Zhongchong, LI Zhiwei, QIN Miao, LIU Zhaoqin, LIU Fengjie, QIAN Xuejiang, LIU Yuqing 2023(4): 52-56.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1130KB) ( )   Objective To compare the difference of MRI signs between rotator cuff lesions and mixed rotator cuff tears, thus to provide a basis for judging the injury-disease relationship of rotator cuff tear （RCT）. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical and MRI data of 87 patients with RCT was carried out. In 16 cases, the patients got rotator cuff lesion, and other 71 cases got mixed type of RCT, which were further divided into fracture dislocation group （22 cases） and mild trauma group （49 cases）. The medial-lateral tear size （ML）, tear type, number of injured ligaments, musculoskeletal contusion and signal of fat infiltration at the tear end of RCT were measured. The baseline data of the three groups and their MRI measurement parameters were compared. Results There were significant differences in ML, tear type, number of injured ligaments and musculoskeletal contusion among the three groups （P<0.05）. The fracture dislocation group had the lowest ML values and the highest ligament injury numbers. The mild trauma group had the highest incidence of full-thickness tear. There was no significant difference in age, gender, and tear end fat infiltration signal among the three groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion The trauma size can be inferred from the number of ligament injuries and muscle bone contusion signals on MRI images, but the medial-lateral tear size and type of RCT are not related to the trauma size. The incidence of fat infiltration at the tear end is low, therefore its value in identifying the relationship between injury and disease is limited. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Combined Method to Rectify Distorted Fingerprints Left at Crime Scene 2023(4): 57-65.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (5998KB) ( )   Objective This paper put forward a method for rectifying distorted latent fingerprints left on curved objects at crime scene to improve the application rate of evidence. Methods We proposed a coarse to fine approach, modifying inner image based on fixed frame computed by traditional pattern recognition. It combines the advantages of traditional pattern recognition and deep learning network considering robustness and accuracy. Results We conducted several experiments with forty simulation samples to compare our approach with deep convolutional neural network（DCNN） based approach. The experiments usied the test database of Shanghai Public Security Bureau, which contains twenty million different fingerprints. The proposed approach presented remarkable improvement in fingerprints matching. The hit rate in top fifty candidates rose from 85 % to 100 %. Conclusion The proposed method is promising in handling distorted latent fingerprints, especially for low quality latent fingerprints. The ranks of genuine match rose obviously after rectification, which would improve the usage rate of distorted fingerprint evidence in crime scene investigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Research on the Handwriting Characteristics of Dehong Dai Script CHEN Dingwen, 2023(4): 66-72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (3202KB) ( )   Objective To explore the scientific basis for the identification of Dehong Dai script handwriting. Methods A total of 48 people of different genders, ages, education levels and occupations were selected as the subjects. According to the principles and methods of handwriting examination, the handwriting characteristics of Dehong Dai script written by these volunteers were analyzed and studied. The changes and distribution rules of handwriting characteristics  of Dehong Dai script were summarized, and possible reasons for the changes were discussed. The key points of Dehong Dai script handwriting examination were put forward. ResultsThe characteristics of the Dehong Dai script mainly include the general characteristics, layout, stroke order, collocation proportion, wrong characters and strokes, etc. Some of the changes and distribution rules of Dehong Dai script are similar to Chinese characters and pinyin characters. There are also some special features of the letters of Dehong Dai script. Conclusion When examine Dehong Dai script handwriting, based on the full knowledge of Dehong Dai script including tone symbols,writing rules and spelling rules, we should carefully analyze the main characteristics, changes and distribution rules, find out valuable characteristics, and make a scientific and correct judgment. Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Forum

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Research on the Generation of Uncertain Appraisal Opinions and Its Evidence Effect HU Yuling 2023(4): 73-79.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (956KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Coordinated Development of Forensic Appraisal—Take Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle as an Example LUO Yuang, DUO Peng 2023(4): 80-89.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1610KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on Judges’ Substantive Review on Appraisal Opinion—Focusing on the Popularization of the Profession SUN Hao, HU Xiangyang 2023(4): 90-96.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1029KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Innovative Cultivation of Specialized Talents in Forensic Expertise: The Connection Model between Professional and Practical Education ZHANG Penghui, WANG Wei 2023(4): 97-104.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1199KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Chance, Challenge and New Technique Application of Criminal Liability Assessment in the Era of Big Data SUN Daming, WANG Qiang 2023(4): 105-110.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.04.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (959KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics