Abstract: The scientificity, logicality, and rationality of the forensic appraisal documents are not only the focus of the People’s Courts’ review, but also the focus of the courts’ cross-examination. Through the writing of the forensic appraisal documents and their existing problems, the specific connotation of the scientificity, logicality, and rationality of the forensic appraisal documents is elaborated in detail, focusing on the standard and method of proof of litigation evidence, the basic requirements and forms of logical reasoning and logical argumentation, the identification of objective information and the reliability test method of the laboratory examination results, etc., to ensure the validity of the appraisal opinions as litigation evidence. It is also recommended to formulate the Specifications for the Preparation of Forensic Appraisal Documents and the Standards for the Quality Evaluation of Forensic Appraisal Documents, and to carry out professional training such as jurisprudence and logic for forensic appraisers, so as to improve the professional knowledge and practical ability of forensic appraisers. 

Key words: forensic appraisal document, appraisal opinion, scientificity, logicality, rationality

摘要： 司法鉴定文书的科学性、逻辑性和法理性不仅是人民法院审查的重点，也是法庭质证的焦点。通过剖析司法鉴定文书撰写及其存在的问题，详细阐述了司法鉴定文书的科学性、逻辑性和法理性的具体内涵，重点介绍了诉讼证据证明标准和证明方法、逻辑推理和逻辑论证的基本表现形式和具体要求、客观信息认定以及实验室检验结果可靠性检验方法等，确保鉴定意见作为诉讼证据的有效性。建议制定《司法鉴定文书制作规范》和《司法鉴定文书质量评价标准》，开展法理学、逻辑学等专业知识培训，提高司法鉴定人的专业知识和执业能力。

关键词: 司法鉴定文书, 鉴定意见, 科学性, 逻辑性, 法理性