Abstract: The X chromosome genetic markers occupied the indispensable position in the forensic analysis, as its unique structure and genetic characteristics, it has been applied in the complex paternity testing cases. At present more than 50 high polymorphism X-STRs have been found, and the number of high polymorphic X-SNPs and X-Indels which we have screened has been increasing gradually，and, the complex diseases susceptibility of specific X chromosome genetic markers was also attracted the workers' attention. This paper reviewed the research and application of X chromosome genetic markers for forensic and clinical medicine purpose.

摘要： X染色体遗传标记在法医学中占有不可或缺的位置，因其独特的结构和遗传特征而被应用于复杂亲缘鉴定。目前应用于法医遗传学领域的有超过50个高度多态性X-STRs，筛选到高度多态性的X-SNPs和X-Indels的数量也在逐渐增加，且X染色体特异性遗传标记对复杂疾病的易感性也受到了临床工作者的重视。本文就X染色体遗传标记在法医学及临床医学上的研究和应用进行综述。

关键词: X染色体, 亲缘关系鉴定, 复杂疾病易感性, X chromosome, paternity testing, the susceptibility of complex diseases