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2008 Issue 6 (Total No. 39)
Published: 15 October 2008 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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On the Reform of Forensic Authentication:Social Value and Development Orientation XU Jing-he(State Food and Drug Administration of China;Beijing 000;China) 2008(6): 1-4.  Abstract ( )   The reform of forensic authentication system has been carried out for more than 10 years.Since the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Forensic Authentication was implemented,rapid progress has been made and favorable results have been achieved in forensic science area. On this paper,social value and development orientation of forensic authentication reform were discussed,reflecting the enlightening value of the forensic authentication system reform to other social reform. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Authentication Instructed at Party's Own Choice SUI Shu-jing(Wuhan University;Wuhan 00;China) 2008(6): 5-7.  Abstract ( )   The article is based on a litigation case study to present legal analysis regarding conclusions of authentication instructed at party's own choice.The analysis mainly focuses on the following issues:1.whether a party has the right to instruct authentication; 2.validity and power of evidence concerning the conclusion of authentication instructed at the party's discretion;3. recusal of authenticators. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Confirmation of Qualifications of Appraisers and Judicial Appraisal Institutions in IP Cases WANG Ping-rong(Suzhou Intermediate Peole's Court;Nanjing 00;China) 2008(6): 8-11.  Abstract ( )   In an entrusted appraisal by a people's court,in addition to confirmation of scope and methods of appraisal,materials handover,withdrawal of appraisers,supervision of appraisal cost and cross-examination of appraisal conclusions,the confirmation of qualifications of appraisers and judicial appraisal institutions are also key issues.Under current situations,much trouble is caused because of delayed or careless examination and confirmation of qualifications for appraisal.In view of its representativeness and special nature,this article,based on relevant regulations and combining with work practice,takes appraisal in IP cases as an example and discusses the basis and procedures for confirmation of qualifications of appraisers and judicial appraisal institutions.It is expected that this article can be helpful to the entrusted appraisal, trial practice and redesign of the concerned system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflections on the Issue of Standardizing Charging in Forensic Expertise WU He-jan;HE Xiao-dan(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Sciences;Institute of Forensic Sciences;Ministry of Justice;Shanghai;000;China) 2008(6): 12-14.  Abstract ( )   Reform and improvement of forensic expertise is important in China's judicial system reform.Although some progresses have been made in the reform of forensic expertise since"the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Forensic Expertise"came into effect,there are still a lot to be improved,including charge standard.In this paper,the author made serial reflections on standardizing the charge in forensic expertise according to the current situation,including the charge essence,the charge basis,the charge principle,the charge range and the charge process,etc.A suggestion was proposed on charge management at different levels. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Assessment Criteria of Criminal Responsibility in Mentally Disordered Offenders CAI Wei-xiong(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic medicine;Institute of Forensic Science;Ministry of Justice;Shanghai 00;China) 2008(6): 15-18.  Abstract ( )   Criminal responsibility relates direcdy to the determination of the nature and the consequent verdicts of criminal cases, and the assessment of criminal responsibility is considered to have the aspects of both medical criteria and legal criteria.The concept of legal criteria is non-specific,and lack of objective tools and specific standards to use.The assessment of criminal responsibility relies heavily on examiner's experience,and as a result,the scientificity and consistency of assessment conclusions are often questioned.We,the research team,started from the legal criteria, quantified the ability to identify and control,combined medical criteria and legal criteria,and drafted"the Assessment Criteria of Criminal Responsibility in Mentally Disordered Offenders".The draft was trialed by some forensic science institutions and the results are satisfactory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Noise Reduction and Its Effect on Voice BIAN Xin-wei;SHI Shao-pei;YANG Xu;CHEN Xiao-hong;XI Jian-hua;SUN Wei-long;XU Che;QIAN Huang-gui(Institute of Forensic Science;Ministry of Justice;Shanghai 000;China) 2008(6): 36-43.  Abstract ( )   In forensic acoustics,noise reduction is mainly applied for two purposes;one is to reduce noise mask effect and make speech more intelligible,and the other is to diminish noise interference and improve sonogram quality.In the experiment, more than 20 kinds of noises were recorded;then each was synthesized with speech into 4 samples with different SNR levels.The samples were processed using three noise reduction tools.It was found that mask effect could be effectively reduced for most samples and sonogram quality could be improved for some samples. The effect of noise reduction on speech was also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Extracts of Hardwood Chips by UV-VIS Spectroscopy SHI Xiao-fan Shi;SONG Xi;YAO Li-juan(China Criminal Police University;Shenyang 00;China) 2008(6): 44-46.  Abstract ( )   Extracts of hardwood chips of different kinds,and the same kinds but from different places was investigated by UV spectroscopy.It was found that the UV absorption peaks and spectrum patterns for different extracts show certain differences.In the first derivative spectrum,the number of positive and negative peaks,the peak value and shape,and the amplitude ratio for different extracts show remarkable differences.It is concluded the method could be used to distinguish wood chips. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Changes of Stamp Inks Caused by Artificial Lighting Using HPLC ZHANG Wei~;ZHANG Zhen-yu~(.Public Security Bureau of Suzhou;Suzhou 00;.China Criminal Police College;Shenyang 00;China) 2008(6): 47-49.  Abstract ( )   A study on artificial aging of stamp inks was presented. Inks for pre-filled stamps were artificially aged by UV lighting; the pigment and oil,the main components of inks,were analyzed by HPLC;and the change pattern of these components was obtained. Artificial aging caused remarkable changes of inks in a very short time.The peak area ratio between pigment and oil at different times was measured,and a curve revealing the relation between the ratio and time was drawn.The result could be used for reference in the examination of dating stamp inks. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Competency to Stand Trial in a legal View WU Zhen(The People's Procuratorate of Minhang District;Shanghai 000;China) 2008(6): 50-54.  Abstract ( )   The concept of competency to stand trial(CST) in criminal courts recognizes that a defendant's mental or emotional disabilities might interfere with the right to a fair trial.Comparing the difference of the legislation and practice between China and foreign countries,we believe CST should be used in investigation procedures(like fitness to plead) so that it can obey the principle of procedural law.And the competence must be classified into two grades according to jurisprudence.Furthermore,we need create the treatment process for those who were incompetent to stand trial to protect the rights of patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Improvement of China's Paternity Identification System SUN Da-ming(East China University of Political Science and Law;Shanghai 000;China) 2008(6): 55-60.  Abstract ( )   This paper briefly discusses paternity test in China, focusing on the problems such as the absence of legislation,lack of unified technical standards,lack of strict review of expert conclusions. It is proposed that a system should be established to prevent abuse of paternity test,to guarantee paternity test quality,and to strictly review paternity test conclusions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Character Encoding in Forensic Examination of Digital Evidence LIN Jiu-chuan;SUN Yong-qing;QIAN Wei;JIN Bo(Key Laboratory of Information Network Security;Ministry of Public Security;Shanghai 000;China) 2008(6): 61-63+6.  Abstract ( )   Based on analysis of character encoding methods,and encoding and decoding principles,a strategy for searching keywords in digital documents was established.The application of the method was illustrated by a practical case. Related Articles | Metrics

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Existing Methods and Recent Development of Forensic Fibie Examination LUO Yi-wen;XU Che;YANG Xu;XI Jian-hua;SHI Shao-pei (Institue of Forensic Science;Ministry of Justice;Shanghai 000;China) 2008(6): 64-67.  Abstract ( )   Fibers are the most frequendy encountered form of trace evidence and can be used effectively in a wide variety of criminal cases and traffic accidents.This paper concludes the methods of fiber examination from the viewpoints of morphological features,chemical,optical,thermal characters and molecular structure.Techniques as birefringence,low angle laser light scattering photometer,thermogravimetry,pyrolysis gas chromatography and infra spectrometers,are evaluated and new development of undestructive method of Raman spectrometer is also been discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Image Quality of Digital Photographic Coping and Proposal on the Standard LUO Wei-li(Nanjing Forest Police College;Nanjing 00;China) 2008(6): 68-71.  Abstract ( )   Photographic coping is one of the commonest methods in fixing plane evidence;and digital photographic coping has the advantage of efficiency and high image quality.In the study,the image quality and its affecting factors of digital photographic copying were investigated.A standard procedure for digital photographic coping was proposed,which takes consideration of photography condition,equipments and operation.The standard could be used for reference in forensic photography. Related Articles | Metrics

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Examination of Simplified Chinese Characters on Documents Dated before the Character Reform MAO Ji-xiang(The People's Procuratorate of Quzhou;Quzhou 000;China) 2008(6): 72-76.  Abstract ( )   Whether simplified Chinese characters existed before the character reform,and how to evaluate and apply these simplified Chinese characters in questioned document examination, these are questions that could affect the conclusion's correctness. In the paper,the simplified Chinese character is discussed in view of the development of Chinese characters. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of Trace Evidence in 200 Traffic Accidents Involving Collision between vehicles and humans ZOU Dong-hua;CHEN Yi-jiu;LIU Ning-guo(Institute of Forensic Science;Ministry of Justice;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine;Shanghai 000;China) 2008(6): 77-82.  Abstract ( )   Traffic accidents are the results of violent collision between humans,vehicles and road within a very short period of time.Investigation of traffic accidents is guided by the standard of GA41.In the study,200 traffic accidents involving collision between vehicles and humans(pedestrians,cyclists and motorcyclists) were reviewed,focusing on trace evidence at scenes,such as relative positions of human bodies,vehicles and road,braking impressions,vehicle speed,impact position,and injury characters of human bodies。Parameters,which are obtainable and calculable, and helpful for the reconstruction of traffic accident scenes, were explored;and the setup of a parameter system for computer simulation was tried.It is hoped that the result could be used for reference for future studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on the Cross-examination of Forensic Accounting Conclusions HUANG Qiao;ZHAO Feng(Sichuan Zhongheng Institute of Forensic Science;Sichuan 00;China) 2008(6): 83-86.  Abstract ( )   As with all other forensic conclusions,the forensic accounting conclusion is not naturally granted"finality".It must be reviewed by courts and cross examined by relevant parties to decide its proving power.Cross-examination is the rational procedure to guarantee the fairness of litigation.The paper discusses the techniques of cross-examination of forensic accounting conclusions. Related Articles | Metrics