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2008 Issue 02 (Total No. )
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On the Reform and Improvement of Forensic Expertise in China ZHANG Jun (The Supreme People's Court;Beijing 00;China) 2008(02): 1-7.  Abstract ( )   Reform and improvement of forensic expertise is important in Chinese judicial system reform. Forensic expertise is significant in finding out the fact of a case, applying law, and achieving justice and fair. Although some progress has been made in the reform of forensic expertise since "the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Forensic Expertise" (Hereinafter referred to as "the Decision" ) came into effect, there is still a lot to be improved in relationships among forensic expertise, procedure system and evidence system and there is need for the change of traditional concept. In this paper, the author focuses on the start-up process of forensic expertise, the authority of forensic expertise, the practicing system and supervision system of forensic expertise practitioners. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Discipline Construction of Forensic Sciences YI Min;LU Qin(Southwest University Of Political Science And Law;Chongqing 00;China) 2008(02): 8-12+2.  Abstract ( )   Forensic science, which is based on the study of evidence technology and matters concerned, is an integrated discipline of literature and technical science. The particular characteristics of the system, construction and personnel training model make it different from other disciplines. In this paper, proposals of improvement on the development of the discipline, and satisfaction for the demand of the practitioners are given based on the summaries and analysis of it. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Improvement of Start-Up Process of Forensic Expertise in Criminal Lawsuits ZHANG Qing (Northwest University of Political Science and Law;Shaanxi 00;China) 2008(02): 13-16.  Abstract ( )   In present criminal justice practice, there are many problems to be solved. This paper, aiming at the start-up process of forensic expertise in the criminal procedure, puts forward proposals of improvement, after analyzing China's current status in order to solve the social problems in forensic expertise in the criminal procedure and to search for a system of forensic expertise suitable to our litigation system and evidence system. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Establishment of Assistant Appraiser System SHA Wan-zhong;JIA Zong-ping;ZHU Xue-zhen;SHI En-lin;CHEN Wen-ming;MA Hong-ping (Gansu Political Science and Law Institute;Lanzhou 000;China) 2008(02): 17-20.  Abstract ( )   The appraiser is the practitioner of forensic expertise and plays an important role in the forensic expertise practice; so the appraiser system is the core of forensic expertise system. The assistant appraiser system may effectively solve such problems as the shortcomings of certified appraiser system, the lack of qualified appraisers and it is also the effective way to promote the continuous development of the appraiser team. Related Articles | Metrics

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Differentiation of Laser Printer Toners by μ-XRF XU Che;LUO Yi-wen;YANG Xu;SHI Shao-pei;XI Jian-hua (Institute of Forensic Sciences;Ministry of Justice;Shanghai 00;China) 2008(02): 21-24.  Abstract ( )   Objective To develop a μ-energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ( μ-XRF ) for differentiation of laser printer toners on questioned documents. Methods Nine toner samples, corresponding printed samples and lifted toner samples were investigated by μ-XRF with spot size of approximate 100 μm. Results Nine toner samples, corresponding printed samples and lifted toner samples were classified into 7, 4 and 4 groups and the discriminating power is 94.4%、75%、69.4%. Conclusion The μ-XRF technique offers an effective method and allows examiners to perform a non-destructive analysis of toners on documents. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Simple Method of DNA Isolation from Animal Hair Shaft HUANG Ya-lin (Wildlife Material Evidence Appraisal Center of State Forestry Administration;Nanjing 00;China) 2008(02): 25-27.  Abstract ( )   Objective To develop a simple method to extract DNA from animal hair shaft. Methods Isolation of DNA was carried out in thermal cycler using PCR buffer solution and protease K as detergent/buffer system. The extracted DNA was used for PCR reactions. Partial mitochondrion DNA 12S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. The original animal of the hair shaft was successfully determined by BLAST search of the sequence in GenBank. Results DNA extracted from hair shaft using the new method was suitable as template for PCR reactions. Conclusion This new method can be used for identification of animal hair shaft rapidly and exactly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the Uncertainty in Determination of Heroin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography WANG Wei;NI Chun-fang;ZHANG Run-sheng (The Identification Center of Material Evidence;Shanghai Public Security Bureau;Shanghai 000;China) 2008(02): 28-30.  Abstract ( )   Objective To established a method for evaluating the uncertainty of measurement in determination of heroin by high performance liquid chromatography. Methods Considering the total procedures of determination of heroin and assuming that the propagation coefficient is 1, the component factors causing uncertainty of measurement were analyzed, calculated and combined. Results The sources of uncertainty included the error in determination of two parallel samples, the precision of detecting instruments, the uncertainty of balance and volumetric utensils employed, etc. Conclusion The dominant error came from the error in determination of two parallel samples. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Toxic Effect of Ketamine Abuse on Interrelated Central Nervous System HU Xuan-li;BIAN Shi-zhong (Medical College of Suzhou University;Jiangsu;China) 2008(02): 31-33+4.  Abstract ( )   Ketamine abuse has become more and more serious in recent years. In the paper, the pharmacological characteristics of ketamine, toxic effect on interrelated central nervous system and involved neurotransmitters are analyzed, and the possible mechanism of action after ketamine abuse is discussed. The result could be used in the fight against ketamine abuse. Related Articles | Metrics

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Question the Regulation of Psychiatric Examination Period of Criminal Suspects WU Chang-qing (School of Law;Tianjin University of Commerce;Tianjin 00;China) 2008(02): 34-36.  Abstract ( )   The law of criminal procedure and its explanations regulates that the period of psychiatric examination of suspects should be exempted from the period of detention, however this needs reconsideration. The psychiatric examination of suspects is, in nature, similar to detention, and is one kind of examination detention in German and Taiwan law. It is suggested that we put the psychiatric examination period in the proper position from the view of human right protection and improve its system design in the revision of criminal procedure law. Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Approach for Examination of Addition of Printed Documents WANG Yue;ZHANG Hai-hui;WANG Yong (Southwest University of Political Science and Law;Chongqing 000;China) 2008(02): 37-41.  Abstract ( )   A supplementary study was conducted to investigate the deviation of baseline parallel, line spacing and page margins of added printed entries caused by mechanical errors. A new examination approach based on Photoshop was developed. It is concluded that deviation characteristics exist unavoidably on added printed documents, and the new approach is a convenient and effective way to find out addition. Related Articles | Metrics

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Examination of Imitative Signatures Based on Characteristics MA Zi-he;LI Jia-ming;LIU Dan (. Justice Bureau of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture;. Hongxiang Judicial Authentication Center of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture;Hubei 000;China) 2008(02): 42-45.  Abstract ( )   Imitative signatures are often encountered in questioned document examination and many examiners have their own opinions on this matter. In this paper, discussions are made on the following issues: objective and subjective characteristics of imitative signatures, key points for identification of imitative signatures, principles for examination of imitative signatures. An examination approach is introduced, which starts from analysis of objective and subjective characteristics of the questioned and then apply comprehensive evaluation to get the conclusion. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Linguistic Recognition in Questioned Document Examination CHEN Jian (People's Procuratorate of Jianding District;Shanghai 000;China) 2008(02): 46-49.  Abstract ( )   In recent years, techniques of forensic document examination have been developing greatly. The introduction of linguistics into criminal investigation opens up a new field for forensic document examination. Linguistic features of writings contain valuable clues for investigation, and provide objective basis for identification of the writer as well. Based on linguistic knowledge and in combination of practical experiences, the technique of outlining the characters of the writer, such as the age, sex, profession, education and living area, are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Trace Evidence Information on Questioned Documents GAO Xue-lin (People's Procuratorate of Fengnan District;Tangshan;Hebei 000;China) 2008(02): 50-53+5.  Abstract ( )   Reasonable interpretation of trace evidence information on questioned documents sometimes plays an important role in reaching a correct conclusion. The application of trace evidence information in questioned document examination is discussed and attentions in application are reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on the Development of Latent Fingerprints on Paper by the Method of Solid-Medium Ninhydrin YANG Rui-qin;LIU Chao-wen(Department of Forensic Science;Chinese People's Public Security University;Beijing;000;China) 2008(02): 54-57.  Abstract ( )   Fingerprints are considered to be the most valuable and frequent forensic evidence at crime scene. During criminal investigation, investigators search and detect the latent fingerprints with all kinds of skills. The means of detecting fingerprints and their effects play an important role in solving crimes. So the techniques and skills for detecting latent fingerprints are hotspot in forensic science. Ninhydrin is a successful reagent for developing latent fingerprints on porous surfaces. Ninhydrin solutions may be applied by spraying, swabbing, dipping. However, there are several limitations to the ninhydrin method, such as background coloration after treatment, dissolution of the printing ink and its flammable characteristics. Solid-medium ninhydrin method can overcome those disadvantages, avoid the using of ninhydrin development cabinet, develop fingerprints in high speed and break the limitation of detecting prints only on porous surfaces. Related Articles | Metrics

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Template Editing and Standard Printing of Postmortem Examination Photographs CHEN Yuan-feng (Institute of Shiming Forensic Identification;Fujian Public Security College;Fuzhou 000;China) 2008(02): 58-61.  Abstract ( )   The Quality Standard For File Making of Criminal Case Photograph is applicable for documentation of various types of criminal, civil, accidental case photographs, as well as criminal examination and other evidence photographs. Accordingly, the documentation of postmotem examination photographs should comply with the Standard for the forensic examination purpose. The application of the Standardized Technology for Criminal Digital Image software facilitates the template editing and standardized printing of documented photographs. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Legal Aspect of Accounting and Its Guidance in Practice YANG Wei-zhong (People's Procuratorate of Yangpu District;Shanghai 0000;China) 2008(02): 62-64.  Abstract ( )   Accounting has both the advantages of self-proving, objectivity and sociality, and disadvantages of probability. It is important to reveal and to realize the legal characteristic of accounting in order to make full use of accounting information, Limit the collecting range of accounting information and compensate the deficiency of accounting information involved in a case. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Accounting Evaluation of Reducing Debt Fraud LUO Dian-shu;ZHANG Yun-ping (The Second Branch of People's Procuratorate of Chongqing;Chongqing 0000;China) 2008(02): 65-66.  Abstract ( )   Crimes of fraudulent booking and false evaluation are revealed;methods of fraud are analyzed;and countermeasures are put forward. Related Articles | Metrics