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2023 Issue 6 (Total No. 131)
Published: 15 November 2023 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Special Topic Discussion: Technical Examination of Forensic Appraisal Opinions
Forensic Review
Forensic Science
Forensic Forum


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Special Topic Discussion: Technical Examination of Forensic Appraisal Opinions

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The Examination of Technical Evidence by Procuratorate: Function, Operators and Objects LI Xuejun, HE Jiao 2023(6): 1-7.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1903KB) ( )   The concept of technical evidence is the basis for studying the examination system of technical evidence by procuratorate，and it should be defined as materials to solve or prove the professional and technical problems of a case from the perspective of its function. The review of technical evidence by procuratorate is an important step to check the quality of technical evidence such as appraisal opinions. In addition to strengthening the weakness of technical evidence to serve case handling, it also plays an important role in conducting legal supervision. In the procedure of technical evidence review, to impose qualification requirements for operators and to include legitimacy and relevance into the scope of review will have the problem of narrowing the operators and expanding the content of review. In addition, although the procuratorate submitting  technical evidence review opinion to a court as evidence provides more reference for the court to judge technical evidence, it also brings new interference. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Standardization of Technical Evidence Examination in Procuratorial Organs XING Ting 2023(6): 8-15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1232KB) ( )   Procuratorial organs carry out specialized examination of technical evidence, which plays an important role in scientific support in actual case handling. With the promulgation of relevant laws, judicial interpretations and technical norms, such as the people’s procuratorates’ rules of procedure, regulations on specialized examination work, professional working rules, and guidelines on specialized examination work, the framework for specialized examination work of procuratorial organs has taken shape. However, the current specialized examination work still has some problems, such as insufficient integration of case handling demand and technology supply, imperfect technical standards for specialized examination and fuzzy positioning of specialized examination opinions. In order to standardize the specialized review of technical evidence such as expert opinions, we should unify the standards of specialized review work, build a standardized review model, increase the application research of specialized review standardization work, and further improve the quality and effectiveness of specialized review of technical evidence. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Discuss of Specialized Review by Procuratorial Organs of Forensic Technical Evidence of Temporary Execution Outside Prison HONG Xiang 2023(6): 16-22.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1106KB) ( )   The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening Legal Supervision by Procuratorial Organs in New Era require procuratorial organs to improve the synchronous supervision mechanism for the changes of penalty execution, effectively prevent and correct illegal temporary execution outside prison. This article starts from the origin and current situation of specialized review of three types of technical evidence, including serious disease documentation of medical parole, pregnancy or childbirth documentation, and identification opinions on inability to take care of oneself, in order to understand and recognize the existing legal connotations of specialized review, reconstruct the practical path of specialized review of forensic technical evidence under the framework of the legal system of involving people with specialized knowledge in handling cases. We should deepen measures, such as dual evidence review of judicial review and specialized review, improve the quality and efficiency of specialized review, improve disease diagnosis standards and imprisonment standards, establish a mechanism of medical appraisal committees for temporary execution outside prison, and strengthen professional talent training, etc, to provide important technical support for the substantive review of temporary execution outside prison, and to ensure the fairness, impartiality, seriousness, and effectiveness of penalty execution change from the source. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Reflection and Reformation of Legal Status of Specialized Review of Technical Evidence ZHU Mengni 2023(6): 23-30.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1256KB) ( )   The specialized examination of technical evidence is an important work of the procuratorial organs, and it is a deep integration of procuratorial technology and procuratorial operation. Under the requirements of the coordinated development of the four major procuratorates, the specialized examination of technical evidence has a wide range of work fields and should have an independent legal status. It is a technical interpretation of the legal supervision power of the procuratorial organs, which can further strengthen the precise meaning of procuratorial supervision. In the face of the dominance of technical evidence in terms of probative power or credibility, specialized examination is the institutional transformation of the educational mode, which is in line with the ideal state of fact determination, and its active and reasonable borrowing from the “external brain” can also reduce the operating cost to the greatest extent.  Examination opinions on technical evidence can be used as evidence, which is in line with the original legislative intent and does not violate academic requirements; evidence qualification gives symbolic power to examination opinions and can also form a rational interaction between specialized knowledge. Examination opinions on specialized issues can be directly adopted after careful evaluation. As impeachment evidence, examination opinions on technical evidence should follow the “limited admissibility” rule in their application, and generally need to play a probative role in ancillary or subsequently supplemented technical evidence. Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Review

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Review of Quantitative and Statistical Analysis of Handwriting Identification LI Shuangshuang, YANG Xu, CHEN Xiaohong 2023(6): 31-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1192KB) ( )   Forensic handwriting identification mainly relies on the experience of experts. The lack of scientific and effective quantitative measurements and analysis methods is the bottleneck restricting the development of the discipline. In the context of objective and quantitative technical means widely used in forensic science, handwriting identification needs to take the road of quantitative and statistical analysis. This paper reviewed the methods of handwriting feature quantification and related statistical analysis in recent years, and discussed the contributions and limitations of these studies. The researches on the value evaluation of handwriting evidence based on likelihood ratio model were reviewed in order to enhance the scientific basis of comparative analysis and evaluation in handwriting identification. Finally, the development trend of handwriting quantitative identification and statistical analysis was discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Pipette Tip Microextraction in Forensic Toxicological Analysis YANG Shuo, XIANG Jiahong, LI Ziyi, XU Linhao, SHI Yan, LIU Wei 2023(6): 40-47.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (812KB) ( )   Efficient sample pre-treatment methods are essential in forensic toxicological analysis. Pipette tip microextraction is a more efficient and environmentally-friendly technique developed from traditional solid-phase extraction. It can be widely used in food, environmental and forensic toxicological analysis. This paper systematically reviewed the applications of pipette tip microextraction techniques in the analysis of forensic toxic substances, especially illegal drugs in biological samples, and the advantages and disadvantages of different microextraction methods, sorbents, and tip types, as well as their application scopes were also compared. This technique shows great potential in forensic toxicology analysis, providing new solutions and ideas for the pre-treatment of forensic toxic substances analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Metal Stable Isotope Techniques and Its Forensic Application GUO Hongling, MEI Hongcheng, WANG Ping, HU Can, ZHENG Jili, LI Yajun, ZHU Jun 2023(6): 48-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (930KB) ( )   The technology of traditional stable isotopes H, C, O, N, S is mature and has been widely used in different fields. With the development of inorganic mass spectrometry, heavy metal isotopes have appeared in some new research fields in recent decades, and more in-depth research has been conducted in geology, environmental analysis, food analysis, and medical treatment. In particular, many achievements have been made in the provenance deduction of geological materials and the interpretation of change, the precise identification of source of heavy metal pollutants, the identification of food sources, the identification of counterfeit and inferior products, and the study of element metabolism in human body. This paper summarized the research carried out in the above fields of metal isotope ratio inspection, and proposed the application prospects of this technology in forensic science. Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Science

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Study on the Accuracy of Sweat Pore Feature Identification in Partial Fingerprint ZUO Qi, MA Longfei, DONG Yuheng 2023(6): 56-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (25540KB) ( )   Objective This paper discussed the accuracy of sweat pore identification in partial fingerprint, so as to provide basis for the use of sweat pore feature. Methods Fingerprints left on four types of objects were developed. The sweat pores on the fingerprints were marked and counted. The correct rate, error rate and missing rate of sweat pore feature marks in partial fingerprint were studied, and the effects of different objects and development methods on sweat pore recognition were compared. Results The average accuracy rate of sweat pore identification in partial fingerprint was 92.30 %, the average error rate was 7.70 %, and the average missing rate was 7.39 %. The size of fingerprint area, the nature of trace object and the developing methods were considered to have some impact on the accuracy of identification. Conclusion Under certain conditions, the sweat pore features in a small area can be effectively recognized, and the recognition accuracy is high. This research on the recognition accuracy of sweat pore provides basis for the fingerprint identification using sweat pore features. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rapid Identification of Black Ballpoint Pens by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy LEI Fei, WANG Yachen, SUN Qiran, LUO Yiwen, YANG Xu 2023(6): 62-68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (2448KB) ( )   Objective To establish a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy（SERS） method for the accurate discrimination and rapid identification of ballpoint pen ink. Methods Nano Ag colloid was selected as the enhancing reagent and applied on the ink entries of 55 black ballpoint pens collected from domestic market. The ink samples were tested with three excitation wavelengths, i.e. 785 nm, 633 nm and 514 nm. The data collected with each wavelength was analyzed comprehensively. Results The SERS spectra effectively presented the differences between different brands of ballpoint pen ink. Compared with the spectrum acquired by normal Raman spectroscopy, the peak signals after enhancement were much higher. Thus, the differences between similar inks were more apparent and can be easily classified. Besides, more information were obtained by combining the spectral information of three wavelengths. Conclusion This method can effectively discriminate different brands of black ballpoint pen ink, which provides a new approach for the rapid identification of ink components in forensic science. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Occurrence of Close Non-Matches in Large-Scale Fingerprint Database and Their Ranking Relationship LI Shuo, HAN Wenqiang, LI Kang, YANG Jun, LUO Yaping 2023(6): 69-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (7300KB) ( )   Objective This study took the most representative central region of whorl as an example, to explore the occurrence and ranking relationship of close non-matches （CNMs） in a ten million people database, and discussed the inspection and identification risks caused by CNMs. Methods In the experiment, the central region of 60 representative whorl samples was labelled with different feature combinations and submitted to the automatic fingerprint identification system （AFIS） for fingerprint query. The researchers inspected CNMs, searched the same source in the top 100 candidate lists and recorded the corresponding rankings. Results 503 same source and 474 CNMs were found in a total of 900 fingerprint queries. 22.6 % of CNMs were ranked before the same source or the same source did not even appear on the lists. Conclusion CNMs have a high occurrence rate in the current large-scale fingerprint database, and there are a certain number of CNMs ranked before their same sources, which will bring greater risks to fingerprint inspection and identification. Fingerprint examiners are required to improve their understanding of CNMs in actual work to avoid mis-identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Phoxim in Milk Powder by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry HUANG Yumin, PAN Tong, LIU Qingbo, SUN Mao, SUN Pengfei, WU Yuanming 2023(6): 75-79.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (771KB) ( )   Objective To establish a method for determining the content of phoxim in milk powder by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. Methods The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and purified by Florisil solid-phase extraction column. The eluent was analyzed by GC-MS. Results It had good linear relationship in the range of 0.10-5.00 mg/L. The limit of detection was 0.05 mg/L. The spiked recoveries of phoxim in milk powder ranged between 98.2 %~101 %. The relative standard deviation （RSD） ranged from 2.1 % to 3.1 %. The analyte detected in case samples had the same retention time with phoxim at about 8.377 min. The qualitative ions （base peak m/z 109, m/z 135, m/z 298） were in accordance with those of phoxim. The content of phoxim in the questioned sample was determined as 2.17 mg/kg. Conclusion The established method is simple, sensitive and feasible. It can be used for the determination of phoxim in milk powder, and provide useful reference for the determination of other phoxims. Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Forum

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On the Technical Evidence Examination of Environmental Damage Appraisal Opinions ZHANG Qing, WANG Qing, LÜ Jungang 2023(6): 80-85.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (926KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Key Issues of Environmental Damage Forensic Appraisal YU Xun 2023(6): 86-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (758KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Change in the Number of Accredited Laboratories of Forensic Institutions and the Influence from Related Policies GAO Junwei, LU Yang, FENG Tao, FANG Jianxin, CHEN Xin, WANG Yanbin 2023(6): 91-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (826KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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The Probability Expression System of Forensic Opinions——Prospects of Theory and Practice of Forensic Statistics XU Jiaye 2023(6): 96-100.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (661KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Report of 2022 National Forensic Proficiency Testing Academy of Forensic Science 2023(6): 101-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2023.06.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (692KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics