主管：中华人民共和国司法部
主办：司法鉴定科学研究院
ISSN 1671-2072  CN 31-1863/N
中国司法鉴定

中国司法鉴定 ›› 2022 ›› Issue (6): 19-27.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2022.06.003

• 专题研讨：司法鉴定立法 • 上一篇    下一篇

比较与展望：司法鉴定地方立法对未来国家立法的治理启示——各地新旧《司法鉴定管理条例》比较研究

朱波峰1，崔 伟1，解 通1，等   

  1. 1.南方医科大学 法医学院 广州市法医多组学精准鉴识重点实验室，广东 广州510515；2.河北医科大学 法医学院，河北 石家庄050017
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-10 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2023-01-13
  • 通讯作者: 丛斌（1957—），男，教授，院士，主要从事法医物证学与法医病理学研究。E-mail: hbydcongbin@126.com
  • 作者简介:朱波峰（1972—），男，教授，博士，主要从事司法鉴定管理与法医物证学研究。E-mail：zhubofeng7372@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国工程院重点咨询研究项目（2019-XZ-31）。

Comparison and Prospect: Enlightenment about Future National Legislation Management from the Local Legislation of Forensic Appraisal — A Comparative Study on the New and Old Forensic Appraisal Management Regulations in Different Regions of China

ZHU Bofeng1, CUI Wei1, XIE Tong1, et al   

  1. 1. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-omics of Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; 2. College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
  • Received:2021-02-10 Published:2022-11-15 Online:2023-01-13

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摘要： 社会治理法治化既是全面依法治国的重要内容，又是提高社会治理水平的有效路径。利用法治思维和法治手段解决社会治理中的各种问题是社会治理法治化的思路之一。司法治理是社会治理的重要组成部分，司法鉴定管理制度是司法治理的重要一环，是社会治理不可或缺的组成部分。虽然当前国家层面上尚未出台《司法鉴定法》，但是大部分省份已经出台相应的《司法鉴定管理条例》（以下简称《条例》）对本省的司法鉴定行业进行规范和管理，并已经总结出一些宝贵的经验。对比分析2005年全国人民代表大会常务委员会《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》（以下简称《决定》）出台前后，《条例》的基本内容以及新旧《条例》之间的变化与特点，发现与旧《条例》相比，新《条例》进一步规范司法鉴定的业务范围，规定了更为严格的司法鉴定机构和司法鉴定人准入门槛和惩戒退出机制，运用多种举措健全司法鉴定管理与使用的衔接机制，对司法鉴定进行“全流程、全要素”的监督管理。通过对我国当前司法鉴定行业和管理体制的现状进行思考，并对今后我国司法鉴定管理体制改革和国家出台《司法鉴定法》提出了几点建议：《司法鉴定法》的立法应坚持社会主义法制统一的原则，结合司法鉴定管理工作中取得的经验，加强立法决策量化论证来提高立法质量，着力解决司法鉴定领域的“难点、痛点”问题。

关键词: 社会治理法治化, 司法鉴定, 管理体制, 地方条例

Abstract: Legalization of social governance is not only an important content of comprehensive law-based governance, but also an effective way to improve the level of social management. Using legal frameworks and methods to solve various problems in social governance benefits the legalization of social governance. The forensic appraisal management system is an important part of judicial governance and an indispensable aspect of social governance. Although our country has not promulgated the Forensic Appraisal Law, most provinces have issued corresponding Administrative Regulations on Forensic Appraisal (referred to as the Regulations hereinafter), from which valuable experience can been summarized. This article compares basic contents of the provincial forensic appraisal management regulations issued before and after the 2005 Decision of the Standing Committee of the NPC Regarding Administration Issue of Forensic Appraisal, as well as the changes and characteristics between the new and old regulations. The authors found that, compared with the previous Regulations, the new ones further regulate the practicing scope of forensic appraisal, stipulate stricter access thresholds and exit measures for forensic appraisal institutions and experts, and use various methods to improve the linkage between the administrative department of forensic appraisal and people's court. What's more, the new Regulations carry out a “full process, full elements” mechanism of supervision and management of forensic appraisal. Based on the analysis of the current status of forensic appraisal industry and management system, the authors put forward some suggestions on the reform of forensic appraisal management system in the future: The legislation of the Forensic Appraisal Law should adhere to the principle of the unification of socialist legal system, combine the experience gained in the management of forensic appraisal, strengthen the quantitative analysis of legislative decision-making to improve the quality of legislation, and focus on solving the pain points and difficulties in the field of forensic appraisal.

Key words: legalization of social governance, forensic appraisal, management system, local regulation

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