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2025 Issue 2 (Total No. 139)
Published: 15 March 2025 Previous Issue   
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Special Topic Discussion：Research on the History of Forensic Appraisal
Forensic Review
Forensic Science
Special Topic Discussion: Talent Cultivation of Forensic Appraisal


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Special Topic Discussion：Research on the History of Forensic Appraisal

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The Value of Ancient Chinese Forensic Science and Its Contemporary Inheritance: A Study Centered on the Case Law Collections of the Song Dynasty and The Washing Away of Wrongs HE Qinhua, JIN Yifei 2025(2): 1-14.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.02.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1651KB) ( )   The forensic examination in ancient China had its origin in the pre-Qin period, and gradually developed with the maturity of legal system in the Han and the Tang Dynasties, and formally took shape in the Song Dynasty. The development of forensic science in the Song Dynasty is mainly reflected in two aspects, one is scattered in the criminal cases recorded in various case books and notebooks, the other is the outstanding achievement of Song Ci in compiling and writing The Washing Away of Wrongs. Forensic science in ancient China once led the world, and its achievements in mechanical injury, postmortem examination, toxicology, forensic entomology, and forensic experiments were scientific to some extent. Nowadays, the inheritance of the outstanding achievements of ancient Chinese forensic science is reflected not only in the continuation of these scientific components, but also in the absorption of the principle of observing before acting in forensic examination, the problem-solving approach of relying on the strength of the masses, the principle of emphasizing objective evidence, and the humanistic thought of respecting life. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Dissemination and Practice of Forensic Psychiatry in Modern China SUN Weihang 2025(2): 15-19.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.02.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1410KB) ( )   In modern times, the knowledge of Western forensic psychiatry entered China with the translation of relevant forensic medicine works. The knowledge of forensic psychiatry was introduced in the Legal Medicine and the Chinese Translation of Practical Forensic Medicine, which were introduced into China at the end of the Qing Dynasty. With the training of new medical examiners in the late Qing Dynasty, the knowledge of forensic psychiatry in the Chinese Translation of Practical Forensic Medicine was initially spread in China. During the period of Republic of China, forensic psychiatry developed further, and a number of articles related to forensic psychiatry appeared. At the same time, under the influence of Lin Ji, two professional forensic psychiatric expert institutions, the Forensic Medicine Department of the Peking University Health Science Center and the Forensic Medical Institute of the Ministry of Judicial Administration, were formed, which promoted the practice of forensic psychiatry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Review

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Analysis of International Research Hotspots in Forensic Toxicology Based on Bibliometrics YAN Hui, LU Jiayue, SHEN Min 2025(2): 20-30.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.02.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (2441KB) ( )   A bibliometric analysis of the overall development trend in the international forensic toxicology field over the last decade was performed, investigating authors, institutions, and countries with high academic productivity and  influence, and mapping the academic cooperation network among the subjects. All noun phrases in the titles were clustered and analyzed to generate hot research subject terms based on the clustering relationship. The calculation of co-occurrence coefficients between noun phrases showed that the research focus varies across different toxicants (drugs). For example, the stability of synthetic cathinones is more concerned, while synthetic opioids are more concerned with the study of overdose death and postmortem distribution problems. It focused on four research directions according to the research hot topics, including new psychoactive substances, hair analysis, dried matrix spot technology and mass spectrometry technology, and explores research progress and future pathways in these fields in the light of scientific research practices. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Metabolomics in the Investigation of New Psychoactive Substances QIAN Xiaoyu, XIANG Ping, YAN Hui 2025(2): 31-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.02.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1418KB) ( )   New psychoactive substances (NPS) pose a significant threat to public health and social stability due to their wide variety, rapid turnover, difficulty in identification and detection, and lagging risk assessment and legal regulation. Metabolomics is a powerful tool for studying systems biology, reflecting the biochemical processes occurring in biological systems through the qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolites. This review summarises recent progress in the application of metabolomics in NPS research. By combining metabolomics with other research methods, we can explore the pharmacological mechanisms of NPS for treating Parkinson’s disease, depression, and other neurological dysfunctions. We can also examine the mechanisms of NPS addiction, the toxic responses and mechanisms of different types of NPS. These studies can predict the psychopharmacological activity of NPS, identify potential therapeutic agents for neurological disorders, prevent or alleviate addiction, treat toxic reactions, and provide insights for further research on NPS. Although metabolomics in NPS is currently limited, its potential application is promising and requires further exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Forensic Science

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Simultaneous Analysis of 8 Phencyclidine-type Substances in Blood by UHPLC-MS/MS YANG Zhou, SHI Kaiting, YANG Rongji, LI Guojuan, YANG Liu, LIAO Caiyun, XU Buyi 2025(2): 40-46.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.02.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1660KB) ( )   Objective To establish a determination method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-MS/MS） for simultaneous analysis of 8 phencyclidine-type substances in blood. Methods Processing blood using acetonitrile protein precipitation method, use an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column （2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm）, and select acetonitrile-water containing 0.1% （volume fraction） formic acid as the mobile phase at 0.4 mL/min. Mass spectrometry was detected using an electrospray ionization-positive ion, dynamic multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） detection mode. Results This method achieved qualitative and quantitative analysis of 8 phencyclidine-type substances in blood. Each target object has a good linear relationship in the range of 0.1-50 ng/mL, with the correlation coefficients all greater than 0.997. The minimum detection limits range from 0.015 ng/mL to 0.03 ng/mL, and the minimum quantitative limits ranged from 0.05 ng/mL to 0.1 ng/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied to actual blood and detected the 2-FXE component in the blood. Conclusion This method is rapid, sensitive, accurate and has wide applicability, which can meet the requirements of qualitative and quantitative analysis of phencyclidine-type substances in blood. It can also provide a reference for analyzing new phencyclidine-type substances in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmacokinetic Study of Synthetic Cannabinoid ADB-BUTINACA in Guinea Pigs ZHANG Jiali, XIANG Ping, WANG Xinying, WANG Xin 2025(2): 47-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.02.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (746KB) ( )   Objective To investigate the pharmacokinetics of ADB-BUTINACA in guinea pigs after a single administration. Methods Sixteen guinea pigs were randomly divided into low-dose (0.l mg/kg) and high-dose (0.5 mg/kg) groups, and ADB-BUTINACA were administered intraperitoneally. The concentrations of ADB-BUTINACA and its metabolite ADB-BUTINACA acid were determined in blood samples collected at various time points (0.02, 0.08, 0.16, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0.66, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h), and in urine samples collected from 12 h to 24 h post-dosing using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS）. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using pharmacokinetic software. Results After single doses, ADB-BUTINACA rapidly reached its peak concentration in blood and was quickly eliminated, while the concentration of ADB-BUTINACA acid remained below the limit of quantification. The Tmax values for ADB-BUTINACA in blood were 20.00 min and 23.75 min for the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively. The Cmax values were 11.42 ng/mL and 21.37 ng/mL, respectively, and the T1/2 values were 33.85 min and 34.14 min, respectively. The metabolite was detected in urine samples collected from 12 h to 24 h post-dosing, while the parent compound was not detected. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that  ADB-BUTINACA is rapidly absorbed and eliminated in guinea pigs, with peak blood concentrations occurring approximately 20 min after administration and becoming undetectable after 2 h, suggesting a short detection window. While the detection window of urine can be extended to be 12 h to 24 h. This study provides reference data for toxicological research and forensic identification practices involving ADB-BUTINACA. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Interference of Nylon Fiber on Paint Evidence in Traffic Accident Cases LI Guangyao, DENG Xianhe, ZHANG Guannan, ZHOU Zheng, LI Haiyan, GUO Hongling, LI Peng 2025(2): 53-58.  DOI: 0.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.02.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1787KB) ( )   Objective In traffic accident cases involving collisions between people and vehicles, paint evidence is attached to clothing fibers due to collision contact. Due to the instantaneous high temperature of the impact, some synthetic fibers will melt into the paint evidence, which will interfere in the comparison and inspection of the components of the paint attached to the clothing and the paint on the vehicle. Methods This article reports a case of a pedestrian vehicle collision traffic accident in which fibers melted into paint evidence and could not be physically separated. The interfering fibers were separated by using chemical reagent cleaning method. Results The paint attached to the clothing was suceessfully compared with the vehicle paint. Conclusion The chemical reagent cleaning method can effectively separate interfering fibers. Finally, a summary and discussion were conducted on the processing methods of paint evidence attached to clothing fibers to promote their application in investigation and case handling practices. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Derivation of Water Quality Reference Value and Ecological Risk Assessment of Dicofol in Freshwater Environment LI Qingcai, CHEN Juan, ZHAO Qingling, CHU Linlin 2025(2): 59-68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.02.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1974KB) ( )   Objective Dicofol is a new type of persistent organic pollutant added to the Stockholm Convention. Current national and international water quality standards lack established standard value for dicofol. It is urgent to carry out the water quality criteria study for dicofol. Methods In this study, acute toxicity data of dicofol to 26 species of freshwater species of 5 phyla, 19 families, and chronic toxicity data of 11 species of freshwater species of 5 phyla,      9 families were collected. Distribution models such as SGompertz, Sigmoid, SRichards and SWeibull were used to fit the species sensitivity distribution curve. The short-term and long-term water quality reference values of dicofol in freshwater environment were 37.50 μg/L and 0.94 μg/L, respectively, based on optimal functions. Results The ecological risk of dicofol in 11 freshwater bodies in China was assessed by using the quotient method. The results of risk characterization showed that all water bodies were acute and risk-free. 72.7% of water bodies were chronic risk-free and 27.3% were chronic low-risk. Conclusion The water quality criteria value of dicofol in freshwater environment derived from the species sensitivity distribution curve can be used as an important reference basis for the formulation of water quality standards and ecological environment damage identification of dicofol in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Special Topic Discussion: Talent Cultivation of Forensic Appraisal

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Theoretical Research on the Construction of Forensic Appraisal Team in Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law WANG Lianzhao 2025(2): 69-77.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.02.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1401KB) ( )   The theory of the construction of the legal work team in Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law is the fundamental principle of the construction of the legal service team in the new era, which provides the direction for China to build a high-quality forensic appraisal team combining professional competence and moral integrity. The construction of the forensic appraisal team is an important force in comprehensively promoting the strategy of governing the country according to law, and an objective requirement for deepening the reform of the forensic appraisal system as well. We must ground our efforts in China’s actual conditions, adopt a holistic perspective, implement comprehensive planning and coordination, and advance integrated development through collaborative efforts. Taking strengthening ideological-political construction, professional ethics construction, and Party building work as the key focus, establishing a public service system for forensic appraisal in the new era, innovating the mechanism, and improving the mechanism for cultivating forensic appraisal talents as the development strategy, we will propel the forensic appraisal team toward political commitment, institutional standardization, specialized competence, and professional excellence. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Thoughts on the Cultivation of Undergraduate Talents in Forensic Appraisal in the New Era LI Beixu, ZHAO Cunyu, GAO Yue 2025(2): 78-84.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.02.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1299KB) ( )   As China strides into a new era of socialist rule of law, the field of forensic appraisal has transitioned from addressing the issue of “availability” in the early days of the the founding of the People’s Republic of China to tackling the question of “quality” in the development of forensic appraisal today. The societal demand for forensic appraisal professionals has been on a steady rise. In response to the needs of a law-governed society and the healthy development of the forensic appraisal industry, it is crucial to channel efforts into developing new-quality productive forces and to cultivate the forensic appraisal sector with talented individuals in this new era. The cornerstone of cultivating forensic appraisal professionals lies in undergraduate education. Based on the current objectives of undergraduate education in forensic appraisal, this analysis summarizes existing literature in the field of forensic appraisal talent cultivation, examines the present state of undergraduate talent development in forensic appraisal, and reflects on the cultivation of undergraduate talents in forensic appraisal in the new era. These directions may include strengthening the educational function of scientific research, promoting teaching and learning through competitions, combining “professional + practitioner” education, emphasizing the legal attributes of forensic appraisal, segmenting the teaching modules of forensic appraisal, enhancing the training of university faculty, optimizing undergraduate education textbooks, advancing the construction of forensic appraisal disciplines and the cultivation of interdisciplinary talents, and promoting the comprehensive governance of the country according to law. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Integration of Forensic Appraisal Practice and Forensic Education in China XU Hui, YANG Liyun 2025(2): 85-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.02.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1395KB) ( )   Forensic appraisal is a complex and interdisciplinary field. The classification system of forensic appraisal practice is so complicated that it is divided into four sections: forensic medicine, forensic examination of physical evidence, forensic audio/video examination, and forensic environmental damage examination. In other countries, the system of forensic appraisal practice organizations ordinarily is divided into two types: disperse type dominated by private entities and concentrate type dominated by the government. But their classification system of forensic appraisal practice resembles the counterparts in China. In China, the institutions of forensic education are police colleges, law colleges, medicine colleges, and some STEM colleges. The forensic education has two forms, including academic education and professional training. The forensic education programs contain five parts: jurisprudence and law, fundamental STEM, forensic sciences, forensic laboratory, forensic casework and practice. The integration of forensic appraisal practice and forensic education requires certain conditions. The integration of the two sections in China has formulated its patterns and some experience has been attained. In order to deeply integrate the two sections, it should promote the progress of forensic vocational education, specialization of the colleges education, the marketization of forensic appraisal, and deepen the integration of forensic appraisal practice and forensic education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and Application of Ideological and Political Elements in Forensic Science Courses ZHOU Yingying 2025(2): 96-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2025.02.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1294KB) ( )    In the field of forensic science education in higher education institutions, advancing curriculum-based ideological and political education not only aligns with the political imperatives of national educational development but also addresses the urgent need for cultivating legal professionals in the new era. The integration of ideological and political elements into forensic science curricula requires systematically exploring pedagogical components inherent to the discipline, strategically integrating external ideological resources, dynamically capturing educational opportunities emerging during teaching practices, and fully leveraging faculty role models. To achieve this goal, effective implementation necessitates innovating educational paradigms to strengthen ideological awareness, enhancing faculty competencies in curriculum-based political education, and optimizing institutional mechanisms to invigorate teaching practices: ultimately realizing the fundamental mission of moral cultivation and talent development. References | Related Articles | Metrics