Abstract: The forensic examination in ancient China had its origin in the pre-Qin period, and gradually developed with the maturity of legal system in the Han and the Tang Dynasties, and formally took shape in the Song Dynasty. The development of forensic science in the Song Dynasty is mainly reflected in two aspects, one is scattered in the criminal cases recorded in various case books and notebooks, the other is the outstanding achievement of Song Ci in compiling and writing The Washing Away of Wrongs. Forensic science in ancient China once led the world, and its achievements in mechanical injury, postmortem examination, toxicology, forensic entomology, and forensic experiments were scientific to some extent. Nowadays, the inheritance of the outstanding achievements of ancient Chinese forensic science is reflected not only in the continuation of these scientific components, but also in the absorption of the principle of observing before acting in forensic examination, the problem-solving approach of relying on the strength of the masses, the principle of emphasizing objective evidence, and the humanistic thought of respecting life.

Key words: forensic science, examination, Song Dynasty, The Washing Away of Wrongs

摘要： 中国古代的法医检验萌芽于先秦时期，随着汉唐法制的成熟逐步发展，至宋代正式形成了系统、完整的法医学。宋代法医学的发达主要体现在两个方面，其一散见于宋代各判例集与笔记类作品记载的刑事案件中，其二是宋慈撰法医学著作《洗冤集录》取得的突出成就。中国古代的法医学曾引领于世界，在机械性损伤、尸体检验、毒理学、法医昆虫学、实验法医学上的成就都具备了一定的科学性。当今对于中国古代法医学优秀成果的传承，不仅体现在继受这些科学成分上，还体现为在吸收先静后动的勘验法则、依托群众力量解决问题的思路、重客观证据的审判原则以及尊重生命的人本思想上。

关键词: 法医, 检验, 宋代, 《洗冤集录》