主管:中华人民共和国司法部
主办:司法鉴定科学研究院
ISSN 1671-2072  CN 31-1863/N

中国司法鉴定 ›› 2021 ›› Issue (6): 1-9.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2021.06.001

• 专题研讨:司法鉴定公信力建设 •    下一篇

合规管理与标准化:科学证据时代的司法鉴定公信力建设

王 旭, 陈 军   

  1. 1.中国政法大学 证据科学教育部重点实验室,北京 100088; 2.“2011计划”司法文明协同创新中心,北京 100088; 3.中国政法大学 法庭科学标准研究中心,北京 100088
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-26 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2021-12-17
  • 作者简介:王旭(1968—),女,主任法医师,教授,主要从事司法鉴定科研、鉴定、教学工作。E-mail:wangxu0409@126.com

Compliance Management and Standardization: Building the Credibility of Forensic Appraisal in the Era of Scientific Evidence

WANG Xu, CHEN Jun   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Ministry of Education, China University of Political Science and Law,
    Beijing 100088, China; 2.“2011 Plan” Judicial Civilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Beijing 100088, China;
    3. Forensic Science Standard Research Center, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
  • Received:2021-08-26 Published:2021-12-15 Online:2021-12-17

摘要: 司法鉴定服务于诉讼活动,涉及双方当事人权益以及社会其他公共利益,其公信力建设至关重要。鉴定作为司法活动的重要组成部分,具有科学性、法律性以及服务性的社会属性。在科学证据的时代,打官司就是打证据,而打证据又通常是打鉴定,使得司法鉴定的社会影响力逐年攀升。随着鉴定机构数量渐趋饱和,其社会化、市场化以及趋利性带来了恶性竞争,而司法鉴定黄牛、虚假鉴定负面报道不断,且鉴定意见的科学性、可靠性也遭到学界、公众、媒体、实务界的争议,使得鉴定公信力陷入诸多困境。通过系统梳理合规、公信力、科学证据等概念,剖析司法鉴定公信力建设的现实困境,介绍国际标准化组织ISO 37301合规管理体系的最新理念,并提出公信力建设是一个系统工程,可进行以下多维度路径探索:用合规管理提升司法鉴定管理的规范性,并将“道伯特(Daubert)原则”作为法庭科学/司法鉴定的框架性标准;用技术标准体系建设,提升司法鉴定的科学信任度;强化过程管理,加强诚信体系建设,全面提升司法鉴定的客户满意度。

关键词: 司法鉴定, 合规管理, 公信力, 标准化, ISO 37301, 科学证据

Abstract:

Forensic appraisal serves litigation activities, involving the rights of both parties and other public interests of the society, and its credibility building is very important. As an important part of judicial activities, forensic appraisal has the social attributes of science, law and service. In the age of scientific evidence, litigation relies on evidence, and evidence usually relies on forensic appraisal, which has caused the social influence of forensic appraisal to increase year by year. As the number of appraisal institutions gradually becomes saturated, their socialization, marketization, and profitability have brought disordered competition, while forensic appraisal scalpers and negative reports on false appraisal continue, the scientificity and reliability of appraisal opinions have also been disputed among academic community. Disputes among the public, media, and practice circles have caused the credibility of appraisal to fall into many difficulties. Through systematically sorting out the concepts of compliance, credibility, scientific evidence, etc., this article analyzes the real dilemma of forensic credibility construction, introduces the latest concept of the ISO 37301 compliance management system of the International Organization for Standardization, and proposes that credibility construction is a systematic project, which can be carried out in the following multiple dimensions exploration: to use compliance management to improve the standardization of forensic appraisal management, and to use “Daubert Principles” as the framework standard for forensic science/forensic authentication; to use technical standard system construction to enhance the scientific trust of forensic appraisal; to strengthen process management, to strengthen the construction of a credit system, and to comprehensively improve customer satisfaction in forensic appraisal.

Key words: forensic appraisal, compliance management, credibility, standardization, ISO 37301, scientific evidence

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